The Utility of the PAI and the MMPI-2 for Discriminating PTSD, Depression, and Social Phobia in Trauma-Exposed College Students

McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E.; Weathers, Frank W.; Flood, Amanda M.; Eakin, D.E.; Benson, Trisha A.

doi:10.1177/1073191106295914

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Approximately two thirds of college students report trauma exposure and approximately nine percent endorse symptoms consistent with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (Read, Ouimette, White, Colder, & Farrow, 2011; Smyth, Hockemeyer, Heron, Wonderlich, & Pennebaker, 2008). Many more students report post-trauma symptomatology which, despite falling below somewhat arbitrary diagnostic thresholds, is impairing nonetheless (McDevitt-Murphy et al, 2007; Read et al, 2011; Smyth et al, 2008). Trauma and posttraumatic stress (PTSD) have been linked to harmful or hazardous drinking in young adults (Kaysen et al, 2014; Read et al, 2012; Simpson et al, 2014), and may be among the factors that account for non-resolution of problem drinking as young adults transition through their third decade of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress and Problem Drinking at the Transition Out of College

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The objective of the present study was to examine how symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may confer drinking risk as students with trauma histories complete college and move toward independent adulthood. Method Students (N = 283) completed assessments of trauma, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol use and consequences at four time points during the year following their 4th year of college. Some students had transitioned out of the college environment whereas others had not. We examined how transition status moderated within-person associations between changes in PTSD and corresponding changes in alcohol outcomes over time. Using multilevel modeling, we examined differences in within-person PTSD-alcohol associations comparing students who were: (1) continuing as 5th year seniors, (2) graduated and pursuing graduate education, and (3) graduated and left the university setting. Results Alcohol use and consequences tended to decline on average from the 4th to 5th year post matriculation. Yet, within-person increases in posttraumatic stress symptomatology across the 5th year were associated with greater alcohol consequences, but only for those students who had left the university setting. Conclusions These data suggest that the transition out of college may be an important developmental context that is associated with increased vulnerability for negative consequences from stress-related drinking. Findings may have important implications for campus-based prevention efforts geared toward the facilitation of a successful transition into independent adulthood.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress and Problem Drinking at the Transition Out of College

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has shown growing applicability in clinical populations, including borderline pathology (Stein, Pinsker-Aspen, & Hilsenroth, 2007), alcohol dependency (Schinka, 1995), forensics (Edens & Ruiz, 2008), posttraumatic stress disorder (McDevitt-Murphy, Weathers, Flood, Eakin, & Benson, 2007), and individuals with head injuries (Demakis et al, 2007;Kurtz, Shealy, & Putnam, 2007). Both the MMPI and PAI are multidimensional, have sound psychometric properties, and share many commonalities in the clinical symptoms assessed, including scales tapping symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatic focus, paranoia, mania, antisocial features, and schizophrenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Profiles of emotional and behavioral sequelae following acquired brain injury: Cluster analysis of the Personality Assessment Inventory

Velikonja

Warriner

Brum

2009

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the multidimensional nature of symptom complaints within the acquired brain injury (ABI) population, emotional and behavioral profiles obtained from using comprehensive validated measures often yield more relevant information than tools that assess for symptoms of a single diagnostic disorder. The current study used the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to detect emotional and behavioral profiles in a sample of 440 adult ABI patients. Using a rigorous three-step cluster analytic approach, seven clusters were identified, indicating that half of the sample (50%) showed clinically significant affective and behavioral symptoms typified by multiple Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I and/or II features. Two of the subtypes showed severe and diverse affective symptoms but were distinguished from each other by antisocial features and substance use. Two other subtypes, with predominantly internalized presentations, were characterized by mainly depressive and somatic features, and the second by mild anxiety and cognitive disturbance. One group, predominantly externalized presentation, showed high substance use and antisocial features. The other part of the sample (50%) had no significant affective or behavioral complaints but were characterized by two profile types classified as essentially normal, but distinguishable by one having an increased tendency to minimize symptoms. Sex, age, marital status, education/preinjury, and vocation typified various subtypes. The identified profiles taken in the context of important demographic information can provide descriptive insight into the nature of postinjury affective and behavioral symptoms, facilitating more comprehensive conceptualization of the client's needs that can be addressed through more tailored interventions.

show abstract

“…Results showed that hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms were the best predictor of emotional numbing (Flack, Milanak, & Kimble, 2005). College students with PTSD report drinking to higher intoxication levels than college students without PTSD (McDevitt-Murphy, Weathers, Flood, Eakin, & Benson, 2007).…”

Section: Focusing On Young Adultsmentioning

confidence: 97%