The utilization by calves of formaldehyde-treated maize silages and the response to supplementary protein

Abstract

Four silages were prepared from whole crop maize, each receiving additives of 21 1 formic acid per t fresh crop, and 0, 14, 27 or 53 g formaldehyde per kg crude protein in the crop. These silages, together with 19·6 g urea per kg dry matter, were offered ad libitum for 83 days to 60 British Friesian steer calves, initially 99 kg live weight, either alone or with groundnut or fish meal to raise the dietary crude protein content by 27 g/kg dry matter.Formaldehyde treatment restricted silage fermentation, increased silage and dry-matter intake and live-weight gain, but reduced digestibility, so digestible organic matter and digestible energy intakes were unaffected. Much of the increase in live-weight gain appeared to be due to an increase in gut fill, as carcass weight was not significantly affected by formaldehyde treatment. There was no improvement in the utilization of dietary nitrogen, but there was some evidence that formaldehyde treatment may have increased the proportion of muscle in the carcass.Supplementation with protein improved intake, nitrogen retention, feed conversion ratio, live-weight gain and carcass weight. The improvement in intake and food conversion ratio occurred mainly on the control silage, there being little effect on the formaldehyde-treated silages. Fish meal supplementation increased the digestibility of organic matter, cellulose and energy, and was more effective in improving food conversion ratio than groundnut meal. There were no significant differences between diets in the proportion of dietary nitrogen retained.It was concluded that the scope for the use of formaldehyde, when ensiling maize for use in diets for young calves, appears to be limited.

Intake, digestion and nitrogen retention by calves given ryegrass silages: influence of formaldehyde treatment and supplementation with maize starch or maize starch and urea

“…The adverse effects of formaldehyde treatment on D.M., OM, N and energy digestibility have also been observed in earlier studies with calves given ryegrass (Lonsdale et al 1977), maize (Kaiser, Osbourn, England & Dhanoa, 1982) or red-clover silages (Kaiser, Tayler, Gibbs & England, 1981;. However, the effects of formaldehyde treatment on cellulose digestibility have been variable.…”

“…However, although a number of studies have been conducted, there has been no consistent beneficial effect of formaldehyde treatment and responses have been highly variable. Studies with red clover (Kaiser, Tayler, Gibbs & England, 1981; and maize silages (Kaiser, Osbourn, England & Dhanoa, 1982) have shown that some of this variability in response to formaldehyde could be due to variations in the quantity applied.…”