The utilization of APACHE II score to predict the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A single-center study

Sutiono, Agung Budi; Arifin, Muhammad Zafrullah; Adhipratama, Hadian; Hermanto, Yulius

doi:10.1016/j.inat.2021.101457

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The severity of the disease was measured using APACHE II criteria (Knaus et al, 1985) [43]. The APACHE II scoring system is a disease severity classification system and one of the most widely used scores in the ICU [44]. The score is calculated by measuring 12 physiological variables, age, and health status.…”

Section: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The score is calculated by measuring 12 physiological variables, age, and health status. The 12 physiological variables include body temperature, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (Pao 2 ) to fractional inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) (Pao 2 / FiO 2 ratio), arterial pH, arterial HCO 3 , serum sodium level, serum potassium, hematocrit, creatinine, and leukocytes [44], and the total score ranges from 0 to 4. This scoring system works by focusing on the most unusual measurements and values in the first 24 h of ICU admission.…”

Section: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of clove mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial

et al. 2023

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Objectives Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs), and the use of mouthwash is the most widely used method to prevent its incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of clove mouthwash on the incidence of VAP in the ICU. Materials and methods This comparative, randomized, triple-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 168 eligible ICU patients at Kosar Hospital in Semnan, Iran, during 2021-2022, who were divided into intervention and control groups using random blocks. The intervention group received clove extract mouthwash at 6.66% concentration, and the control group received chlorhexidine 0.2% twice a day for 5 days (routine care). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, and disease severity was measured based on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, oral health status was examined using the Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS), and VAP diagnosis was made based on the Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS). Results Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in disease severity (p = 0.412) and oral health status (p = 0.239) between the patients in the two groups. After the intervention, 20.2% of the patients in the intervention group and 41.7% of those in the control group acquired VAP. The risk of VAP was 2.06 times higher in the control group than in the intervention group (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.26-3.37, RR = 2.06), but the severity of VAP did not differ significantly between the patients in the two groups (p = 0.557). ConclusionThe findings showed that clove mouthwash reduces the incidence of VAP significantly. Clinical relevance Clove mouthwash can be used as a simple and low-cost method to prevent VAP in ICU patients.

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Section: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clove mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial

et al. 2023

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“…Prior studies have found that the APACHE score can predict PNA among trauma patients. Sutiono et al 14 found higher APACHE scores to be associated with a greater risk of PNA among patients with traumatic brain injuries, while Aggarwal and colleagues 15 similarly observed a trend of higher APACHE scores and development of VAP in patients with chest injuries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Random Forest Model Using Flow Cytometry Data Identifies Pulmonary Infection after Thoracic Injury

Gelbard

Hensman

Schobel

et al. 2023

J Trauma Acute Care Surg

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“…The APACHE II is a score that estimates the severity of disease and mortality of ICU patients. Studies show that the risk of developing VAP increases with an increase in the APACHE II score [ 15 ]. In contrast, our study and that of Nakahashi et al [ 16 ] found that the APACHE II score had no association with the VAE and no-VAE groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fourth hourly oropharyngeal suctioning on ventilator-associated events in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units of a tertiary care center in South India: a randomized controlled trial

Borah,

Ramamoorthy,

Senthilnathan

et al. 2023

ACC

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Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a necessary life-saving measure for critically ill patients. Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) are potentially avoidable complications associated with MV that can double the rate of death. Oral care and oropharyngeal suctioning, although neglected procedures, play a vital role in the prevention of VAE.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the intensive care units to compare the effect of fourth hourly oropharyngeal suctioning with the standard oral care protocol on VAE among patients on MV. One hundred twenty mechanically ventilated patients who were freshly intubated and expected to be on ventilator support for the next 72 hours were randomly allocated to the control or intervention groups. The intervention was fourth hourly oropharyngeal suctioning along with the standard oral care procedure. The control group received standard oral care (i.e., thrice a day) and on-demand oral suctioning. On the 3rd and 7th days following the intervention, endotracheal aspirates were sent to rule out ventilator-associated pneumonia.Results: Both groups were homogenous at baseline with respect to their clinical characteristics. The intervention group had fewer VAEs (56.7%) than the control group (78.3%) which was significant at P<0.01. A significant reduction in the status of “positive culture” on ET aspirate also been observed following the 3rd day of the intervention (P<0.001).Conclusions: One of the most basic preventive strategies is providing oral care. Oropharyngeal suctioning is also an important component of oral care that prevents microaspiration. Hence, fourth-hourly oropharyngeal suctioning with standard oral care significantly reduces the incidence of VAE.

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The utilization of APACHE II score to predict the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A single-center study

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of clove mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial

Effect of clove mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial

A Random Forest Model Using Flow Cytometry Data Identifies Pulmonary Infection after Thoracic Injury

Effect of fourth hourly oropharyngeal suctioning on ventilator-associated events in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units of a tertiary care center in South India: a randomized controlled trial

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