The Utilization of Grain Amaranth by Broiler Chickens

Waldroup, P. W.; Hellwig, H.; Longer, D. E.; Endres, C. S.

doi:10.3382/ps.0640759

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Amaranth, autoclaved for 90 min and incorporated at 40% of the diet, supported body weight gains and feed utilization that were significantly lower (P<.05) than those attained on all other dietary treatments, suggesting that this grain was overcooked. Results of this experiment agree with the report of Waldroup et al (1985). They found that inclusion of amaranth autoclaved at 60 min and incorporated into broiler diets at 20% grew as well and utilized feed as efficiently as those fed a corn-soybean meal control diet.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These results demonstrate that grain amaranth can be sucessfully included in the diet of broiler chickens at levels up to 40% if properly processed by autoclaving or extruding. These findings are in agreement with the studies of Waldroup et al (1985). More studies are needed to assess accurately the exact conditions needed for optimum processing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These nutrient values, as previously reported by Waldroup et al (1985), were compiled using results from assays conducted in our laboratory as well as reported values (Downton, 1973;Nalewaja, 1974, 1977;Har-vo\detal., (1980;Connor et al, 1980;Betschart et al, 1981;Tovar and Carpenter, 1982;Uzo and Okorie, 1983). The assigned values agreed well with reports of Afolabi et al (1981), Pant (1983 Tzachuk and Mellish (1977), and Cheeke etal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Becker et al (1981) indicated that tannin in amaranth was similar to that found in grains such as wheat, proso millet, and triticale. In studies by Connor et al (1980) and Waldroup et al (1985), autoclaving or heat treating grain amaranth destroyed toxic or "feed-refusal" factors. Because phenolics are heat labile, they would appear to be the primary cause for any observed toxic or "feed-refusal factors" in raw grain amaranth, but this has not been demonstrated conclusively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Processing Grain Amaranth for Use in Broiler Diets

Tillman

Waldroup

1986

Poultry Science

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Two experiments were conducted in which grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) was processed by autoclaving or extrusion and incorporated into broiler diets at 20 or 40%. In Experiment 1, grain was autoclaved for either 30, 60, or 90 min. Body weight gains and feed efficiencies were similar for the diet containing 20% grain amaranth autoclaved for 60 min and the corn-soybean meal control diet. At 40% inclusion, grain amaranth depressed growth significantly compared with the control diet regardless of autoclaving length. In Experiment 2, grain amaranth was processed by autoclaving and extruding. Only one of the feed efficiencies differed significantly from that of the control diet. Autoclaved amaranth, at 20% of the diet, produced body weight gains similar to the control diet regardless of processing length. When autoclaved amaranth was included into the diets at 40%, gains similar to those of chickens fed the control diet were obtained with processing lengths of either 30 or 45 min. Extruded amaranth, which was included only at 40%, produced body weight gains similar to those of chickens fed the control diet when extrusion was either "dry" or "normal".These studies indicate that broilers can utilize up to 40% grain amaranth in their rations if the amaranth is properly processed by either autoclaving or by extrusion. At present, there is no sufficient assay to determine if the toxic or feed refusal factor(s) present in amaranth have been sufficiently processed without resorting to chick feeding trials. Further studies are needed to identify these factors in grain amaranth. (

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Processing Grain Amaranth for Use in Broiler Diets

Tillman

Waldroup

1986

Poultry Science

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“…However, when the data were analyzed separately by location of experiment, the overall interpretation of the data remained the same as expected because the interaction between location of experiment and diet type was not sisnif,tcant. Chicks fed raw A. cruentus tended to performed better than chicks fed raw A. hypochondriacus (Waldroup et al 1985) …”

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confidence: 97%

Nutritive value of three amaranth grains fed either processed or raw to growing rats

Fadel¹,

Calvert²,

Harrold³

et al. 1996

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Suitability of raw and heat-treated Amaranthus spinosus in broiler diets: Effects on growth performance, meat antioxidant capacity, haemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and cecal volatile fatty acid profile

Gebeş,

Yalçın,

Ramay

et al. 2024

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study aimed to examine the effects of incorporating amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus, either raw or heat-treated) into broiler diets on growth performance, meat antioxidant capacity, haemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and cecal volatile fatty acid profile. A total of 210 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, with each treatment comprising six replicates of seven birds each. The control group received a diet based on maize and soybean meal, while the remaining dietary groups were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to the control, with exact levels of 10% and 20% raw or heat-treated amaranth in the diet. Body weight and feed intake were monitored on days 0, 10, 24, and 39 of the study. On day 39, two birds per replicate were randomly selected for blood sampling, followed by slaughtering for further parameter examination. Incorporating A. spinosus up to 20% in broiler diets had no adverse effect on body weight gain compared to the control. However, higher levels of amaranth led to a negative impact on the feed conversion ratio, attributed to increased feed intake. Furthermore, amaranth supplementation did not negatively influence carcass yield or various organ weights, except for the gizzard, which was heavier in the amaranth-fed groups. Notably, amaranth supplementation reduced abdominal fat, enhanced meat antioxidant status, and had no detrimental effects on blood biochemical or hematological indices. Additionally, amaranth feeding resulted in decreased blood triglyceride levels but had no effect on cholesterol levels. While heat treatment of amaranth did not significantly alter the performance of broiler chickens, it enhanced the beneficial effects of amaranth feeding on the histomorphological features of the duodenum and ileum, and increased blood IgG levels. The cecal volatile fatty acid profile remained largely unaffected by amaranth inclusion, although heat-treated amaranth led to increased levels of branched-chain fatty acids and valerate. Overall, the findings suggest A. spinosus as a promising alternative feed ingredient for broilers when included at 10% of the diet. However, further research is needed to investigate the effect of various amaranth species, processing methods and enzyme supplementation on poultry nutrition to expand its inclusion rate.

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The Utilization of Grain Amaranth by Broiler Chickens

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Processing Grain Amaranth for Use in Broiler Diets

Processing Grain Amaranth for Use in Broiler Diets

Nutritive value of three amaranth grains fed either processed or raw to growing rats

Suitability of raw and heat-treated Amaranthus spinosus in broiler diets: Effects on growth performance, meat antioxidant capacity, haemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and cecal volatile fatty acid profile

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