The utilization of rice straw fed to Zebu cattle and swamp buffalo as influenced by alkali treatment and Leucaena supplementation

Moran, James; Satoto, KB; Dawson, J. R.

doi:10.1071/ar9830073

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The buffaloes drank considerably more water per W 075 and per unit feed DM intake, and produced twice the volume of urine as did cattle, which is also consistent with the findings of Moran et al (1983); however, in the present study the buffaloes excreted less (P < 0-05) urea even though they produced twice the volume of urine as the cattle, and despite the fact that rate of urea production (per W 075 ) and plasma urea N concentration did not differ between species (Table 4). The percentage of urea synthesised that was excreted via the urine was 3 % in the buffaloes and 6% in the cattle, suggesting that the kidneys of buffaloes may have a greater ability to conserve urea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Digestion and nitrogen conservation in cattle and buffaloes given rice straw with or without molasses

et al. 1992

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S U M M A R YUsing [ 14 C]urea, the rates of urea synthesis in the body, excretion in the urine and degradation in the rumen and gut were compared in 20-month-old Kedah-Kelantan cattle and swamp buffaloes at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Malaysia in 1987. The animals were fed rice straw or straw plus molasses.The buffaloes were heavier than the cattle and had higher straw and nitrogen intakes, although these intakes did not differ significantly when compared on the basis of metabolic liveweight (W°'").Rumen pH in the buffaloes was lower, whereas ammonia and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were higher than in the cattle. Total VFA concentration was lower when the diet contained molasses. Rumen bicarbonate kinetics did not differ significantly between species or diets.There were no significant differences between species in plasma urea concentration, or urea synthesis rate per W 076 , or endogenous urea movement into the rumen per W 075 .The buffaloes consumed more water and discharged twice as much urine as the cattle, but nevertheless excreted less urea per W 0 ' 75 , and a larger fraction of their endogenously produced urea entered the gut. Movement of urea into the rumen per W 075 was lower when the diet contained molasses. I N T R O D U C T I O NComparisons of the rate of urea recycling to the rumen of cattle and buffaloes given the same low Microbial protein synthesised in the rumen from protein, straw-based diet suggest that buffaloes recycle ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds is the more urea to the digestive tract and to the rumen than source of most of the peptides and amino acids cattle Kennedy el al. 1987). The absorbed by the ruminant. When dietary protein latter workers also found that buffaloes maintained supply is below the requirement for liveweight higher concentrations of plasma urea and rumen maintenance, the recycling of endogenous urea pro-ammonia than cattle when given a straw-based diet, vides a continuing supply of ammonia-N to the An ability of buffaloes to utilize endogenous urea rumen. This promotes microbial fermentation, there-more efficiently than cattle may explain in part their by maintaining feed and digestible energy intake and apparent superiority in utilizing high-fibre, low-N microbial protein supply to the host and thus prolongs feed resources. the animal's survival.In the present study, urea synthesis rate in the body Endogenous urea can enter the rumen via saliva or and recycling of endogenous urea to the digestive by direct movement through the rumen wall (Houpt tract were determined by using [ 14 C]urea dilution 1959). The quantity of urea-N recycled to the rumen techniques in Kedah-Kelantan cattle (the indigenous appears to be related to plasma urea concentration, Zebu-derived cattle in Malaysia) and swamp buffaloes the amount of organic matter (OM) fermented in the (Bubalus bubalis) of the same age. The animals were rumen and the ammonia concentration in rumen fluid fed rice straw with or without molasses. The objective (Kennedy 1980). Other fac...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Digestion and nitrogen conservation in cattle and buffaloes given rice straw with or without molasses

et al. 1992

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“…Reasons advanced for the superiority of the buffalo include higher feed intake, longer retention of feed residues in the gut, a more favourable rumen environment, more rapid production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and wider grazing preferences (FAO 1977). In contrast, there is evidence of shorter retention of digesta in swamp buffaloes than cattle (Moran et al 1983) and a greater reduction in grass intake by buffaloes offered rice bran supplements (Moran 1983). Whether these contrasting reports result from interactions between diet quality and feed intake in buffaloes and cattle is uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake and digestion in swamp buffaloes and cattle. 1. The digestion of rice straw (Oryza sativa)

Kennedy

McSweeney

Ffoulkes³

et al. 1992

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YFour swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and four crossbred Bos indicus x B. taurus cattle, fistulated at the rumen and abomasum or duodenum, were offered rice straw with mineral supplements in two experiments. In Expt 1, the straw was supplemented with 5% of leaf of Leucaena leucocephala, and in Expt 2 with either urea or urea with sunflower meal and rice grain. Intake of supplements of urea or urea/sunflower/rice respectively was 935 and 681 g/kg offered in buffaloes and 566 and 789 in cattle.Buffaloes ruminated longer than cattle (Expt 1, 635 v. 452 min/day; Expt 2, 626 v. 466 min/day, P < 001). In Expt 1, voluntary intake and frequency of ' A ' sequence forestomach contractions of both species was not affected by species, but buffaloes had a greater (P < 005) contraction force in the rumen and omasum, lower rate o f ' B ' sequence rumen contractions, and faster (P < 0001) rate of gastrointestinal passage than cattle. In Expt 2, voluntary intake of both species was similar, and addition of concentrates did not affect voluntary roughage consumption, nor in situ rate of digestion of rice straw. Rate and predicted extent of digestion of dietary materials did not differ between species in Expt 1, despite lower concentrations of ammonia in rumen fluid in cattle than buffaloes; however in Expt 2, the rate of digestion of rice straw was higher (/> < 005) and predicted extent of digestion was 14-20% (P < 005) lower in buffaloes. Digestibility of cell wall constituents was lower (P < 005) in buffaloes than in cattle in both experiments, but in Expt 2, provision of concentrates reduced (P < 001) the proportion of digestible cell wall constituents digested in the forestomach of buffaloes, but not of cattle. Plasma urea concentrations were higher (P < 0-05) and transfer of urea to the rumen tended to be higher (7-4 v. 3-7gN/day; P<0-l0) in buffaloes. Faster fractional outflow rates of microbes and of small digesta particles from the rumen were observed in buffaloes in Expt 1.In Expt 1, more microbial N left the abomasum (35 v. 30 g per kg organic matter apparently digested in the forestomach; P < 005) of buffaloes than cattle, and in Expt 2 more non-ammonia N (43 v. 31 g per kg organic matter apparently digested in the forestomach) flowed into the intestines of buffaloes. In Expt 1 microbial retention time was shorter (26 v. 47 h; P < 001) in the rumen of buffaloes.Patterns of appearance of plastic particles with time after dosing indicated faster escape from the rumen of buffaloes of non-chewed particles, and a greater proportion of particles subjected to ruminative chewing, than in cattle. Ruminative chewing of plastic particles in buffaloes was progressively more efficient than in cattle with increasing particle length and decreasing specific gravity. Analysis of faecal particle distribution indicated buffaloes tended to excrete smaller particles than cattle.The adaptive significance of faster digesta passage in the buffaloes appeared to derive from a more balanced supply of absorbed protein relative to dige...

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“…Menor concentração de AGV no líquido ruminal de bubalinos foi também relatada por MORAN et al (1983) e KENNEDY (1995, podendo ser atribuída à maior passagem de AGV no fluído ruminal para o omaso desta espécie. Este fato poderia ser explicado, também, por maior absorção de AGV pelas paredes do rúmen dos bubalinos.…”

Section: Bubalinos (Water Buffaloes) Bovinos (Cattles)unclassified

Efeitos de níveis crescentes de fibra em detergente neutro na dieta sobre a fermentação ruminal em bubalinos e bovinos

et al. 2000

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RESUMO -Quatro bubalinos e quatro bovinos adultos com fístulas ruminais foram utilizados com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro na dieta sobre as características de fermentação ruminal. Foram avaliados concentração de amônia, produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (acético, propiônico e butírico) e pH do líquido ruminal. Os animais foram delineados em dois quadrados latinos (4x4) com arranjo fatorial 4x2, sendo quatro níveis crescentes de FDN na MS (54, 60, 66 e 72%) e duas espécies (bubalinos e bovinos). Cada subperíodo compreendeu 29 dias, sendo 13 de adaptação. Observou-se efeito da espécie sobre o pH ruminal, em que os bubalinos apresentaram valor médio (6,78) superior ao dos bovinos (6,58). Houve efeito da interação tempo x espécie, na concentração de amônia do líquido ruminal somente após 2 horas da alimentação da manhã, em que os bubalinos obtiveram média de 31,76 mg% e os bovinos, de 27,74 mg%. Os bubalinos mostraram menores valores de concentração média de ácidos graxos voláteis, ácido acético, ácido propiônico e ácido butírico (69,94; 51,31; e 6,12 mM) que os bovinos (77,96; 56,72; e 8,01 mM). Não houve diferença na concentração de ácido propiônico e na relação acético:propiônico, não sofrendo influência de nenhum dos parâmetros principais analisados.Palavras-chave: bubalino, bovino, fermentação ruminal, fibra em detergente neutro Effects of the Increasing Levels of Neutral Detergent Fiber in the Diet on the Ruminal Fermentation in Water Buffaloes and CattleABSTRACT -Four buffaloes and four cattle rumen fistulated were used to study the effects of different levels of neutral detergent fiber in the diet on the rumen fermentation characteristics. Ammonia concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) and pH in the ruminal fluid were evaluated. The animals were allotted to two latin square experimental design (4x4) in a 4x2 factorial arrangement with four increasing levels of NDF in the DM (54, 60, 66 and 72%) and two animal species (buffaloes and cattle). Four twenty-nine days subperiods were used, with 13 days for diet adaptation. It was observed the effect of species on the ruminal pH, with average of 6.78 for buffaloes and of 6.58 for cattle. There was an interaction time x species effect for rumen ammonia concentration only at 2 hours after feeding, and buffaloes showed mean of 31.76 mg% and cattle 27.74 mg%. Buffaloes showed lower VFA average concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, (69.94, 51.31 and 6.12 mM), than the cattle (77.96, 56.72 and 8.01 mM), respectively. There was no difference in the propionic acid concentration and acetic: propionic ratio, which was not influenced by anyone of the mainly determined characteristics. As funções metabólicas desses animais não estão bem descritas como nos bovinos, havendo carência de informação sobre o comportamento digestivo. Estudos que forneçam essas informações são importantes para o desenvolvimento de um manejo adequado, principalm...

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The utilization of rice straw fed to Zebu cattle and swamp buffalo as influenced by alkali treatment and Leucaena supplementation

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Digestion and nitrogen conservation in cattle and buffaloes given rice straw with or without molasses

Digestion and nitrogen conservation in cattle and buffaloes given rice straw with or without molasses

Intake and digestion in swamp buffaloes and cattle. 1. The digestion of rice straw (Oryza sativa)

Efeitos de níveis crescentes de fibra em detergente neutro na dieta sobre a fermentação ruminal em bubalinos e bovinos

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