The Uzbek-American Expedition in Bukhara. Preliminary Report on the Third Season (2017)

Stark, Sören; Kidd, Fiona; Mirzaakhmedov, Jamal K.; Wang, Shujing; Spengler, Robert N.; Mirzaakhmedov, Siroj J.; Silvia, Zachary; Pozzi, Silvia; Rakhmonov, Husniddin; Sligar, Megan; Sultanova, Munira

doi:10.1080/05786967.2020.1769495

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In her recent study of the Talgar alluvial fan in south-eastern Kazakhstan -in the steppes at the foot of the Tianshan Mountains -she notes that the inhabitants "practiced both the husbandry of sheep, goats, cattle and horses and the cultivation of wheat, barley and two millets [...] the architecture consisted of semi-subterranean pit-houses, rectangular mudbrick houses, walls, and platforms, storage pits, fireplaces and outdoor activity areas" (Chang 2018: 2-4). Spengler et al too have questioned the nature of nomadic lifestyles, presenting evidence from this 29 Khazanov 1992. foothill region -a traditional stronghold of mobile populations -that clearly manifests agricultural activities, perhaps adopted as a reaction to increased social exchanges (Spengler et al 2017; see also Wu et al 2015). Lhuillier and Mashkour are more cautious in their understanding of agro-pastoralism, stating that Iron Age economies, although agro-pastoral, "should be nuanced on a case-by-case basis, according to a more or less important component of agriculture or pastoralism" (Lhuillier/Mashkour 2017: 667).…”

Section: The Concept Of Agropastoralismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanscape vs. Landscape, or Urbanscape as Landscape?

Mantellini¹

2019

Urban Cultures of Central Asia From the Bronze Age to the Karakhanids

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The results of many years of investigation of Altyn-Depe in Southern Turkmenistan have led to the identification of two stages in the formation of the earliest urban civilisation in Central Asia. The first stage is dated to the Late Eneolithic Period (ca. 3150-2750 BCE). The Altyn-Depe cultural complex of this period saw transformations in the technology and organisation of the main branches of industry, as well as changes in the dimensions and structure of the settlement, caused by changes in the natural environment and by interregional contacts in the late 4th to early 3rd millennium BCE -transformations that reflect the formation of the cultural basis of the earliest proto-urban centre in Central Asia. The second stage was related to the further development of Altyn-Depe during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2750-2350 BCE) induced primarily by technical and technological progress. By the end of the Early Bronze Age at Altyn-Depe (as in Southern Turkmenistan in general), the main components of the cultural complex of the Middle Bronze Age had been established and the process of the construction of the industrial base of specialised crafts completed -the economic basis of an urban centre.

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Section: The Concept Of Agropastoralismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanscape vs. Landscape, or Urbanscape as Landscape?

Mantellini¹

2019

Urban Cultures of Central Asia From the Bronze Age to the Karakhanids

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Testing the applicability of Watson’s Green Revolution concept in first millennium ce Central Asia

Mir-Makhamad

Spengler

2023

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Drawing on archaeobotanical evidence from the central regions of Central Asia, we explore crop diffusion during the first millennium ce. We present a comprehensive summary of archaeobotanical data retrieved from this region dating to this period in order to better understand cultural drivers pushing agricultural intensification and crop diversification. We use these data to evaluate the applicability of Watson’s concept of a Medieval Green Revolution. Despite ecological limits to cultivation of most of Watson’s crops in much of Central Asia, some of these crops, particularly Gossypium arboretum/herbaceum (cotton) and Oryza sativa (rice), are prominent in the region today. In both cases there is now good archaeobotanical evidence showing that they were cultivated prior to the Islamic conquests in Central Asia. Moreover, the occurrence of several crops – Solanum melongena (eggplant), Ficus carica (fig), Morus alba/nigra (mulberry), and two spices – Rhus coriaria (sumac) and Coriandrum sativum (coriander) – have first been observed in phases dated to the 19th century ce. There is reason to believe that elaborate irrigation systems and seasonal rotation cycles were already in place in this region prior to the development of a centralized Arabic and Islamic government and are likely tied to urbanization in the first half of the first millennium ce. We suggest that most of the trappings of Watson’s model were present prior to this, but, as Watson’s thesis is multifaceted their presence alone does not nullify the model. Additionally, the ecological and cultural diversity of Central Asia means that a proper evaluation of Watson’s model requires a regionally specific examination.

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Silk Roads

Williams¹

2024

Encyclopedia of Archaeology (Second Edition)

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The Uzbek-American Expedition in Bukhara. Preliminary Report on the Third Season (2017)

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Urbanscape vs. Landscape, or Urbanscape as Landscape?

Urbanscape vs. Landscape, or Urbanscape as Landscape?

Testing the applicability of Watson’s Green Revolution concept in first millennium ce Central Asia

Silk Roads

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