The validation of the Thai version of the physical activity and leisure motivation scale using confirmatory factor analysis

Validation of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale in Adolescent School Children in Spain (PALMS-e)

“…(1) it has been developed from qualitative information, through semi-structured interviews, in which the individual reasons people do PA are analysed, and, in turn, it is supported by the self-determination theory, which overcomes the limitations that have been described above [31]; (2) it is a short test, as it reduces the number of items from 73 in the original scale (recreational exercise motivation measure; REMM), by Rogers (2000) [35], to just 40, which are grouped into eight factors. Indeed, this is one of the main reasons we selected it, as it reduces the likelihood of the adolescents becoming fatigued and bored while responding to the questions; (3) it possesses good psychometric properties, as shown in studies by Kueh, Kuan, and Morris (2017) (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.911, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.901, standardised root mean square (SRMR) = 0.052, residual root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.041) [30], among others; (4) unlike other scales, it has been successfully applied to diverse age groups, ranging from 9 to 89 years old [36]; (5) it is suitable for use with practitioners of both competitive sports and non-competitive physical activities [37,38]; (6) it can be applied in different cultural contexts, as it has been used with Greek dancers [39] and Chinese yogis [40], as well as in various languages, including Farsi [34], Malay [31], Turkish [41], Portuguese [31], Thai [42], and Dutch [43]; and (7) the scarcity of previous studies.…”