The validity of experimental pain measures

Harris, G.; Rollman, Gary B.

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90168-9

Cited by 97 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In general, the pain threshold is about twice the sensation threshold; the tolerance threshold is about six times the detection level. Significant correlations between the two nociceptive indices have been found by Harris and Rollman (1983) for pain induced by cold and pressure; in that experiment, the correlation between shock pain threshold and pain tolerance was insignificant. Tursky and O'Connell (1972) made similar comparisons.…”

Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 71%

“…The results obtained by Harris and Rollman (1983), Tursky and O'Connell (1972), and others (e.g., R. A. Brown, Fader, & Barber, 1973;Clark & Bindra, 1956) demonstrate that significant correlations between sensation threshold, pain threshold, and pain tolerance are frequent but not inevitable outcomes.…”

Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similar views were expressed by Beecher (1959). Harris and Rollman (1983) found that correlations for thresholds or tolerance levels were higher across stressors (shock, cold, and pressure) than within a stress condition, providing evidence of discriminant validity (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) for the two measures, and noted that pain threshold emphasizes the discrimination of nociceptive quality, whereas pain tolerance serves as an expression of unwillingness to receive more intense stimulation. Emotional and motivational factors may be more important in the second of these.…”

Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 96%

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The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock

Rollman

Harris

1987

Perception & Psychophysics

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109

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Thresholds for sensation, pain, and tolerance were obtained from 20 male and 20 female observers who received trains of electrical pulses applied to the volar forearm. Also determined were estimates of sensory magnitude for a series of stimuli that spanned the pain sensitivity range (PSR) between pain threshold and tolerance, as well as Weber fractions for the discrimination of stimuli at the midpoint of the PSR. There were great individual differences in all dependent variables. Females had significantly lower values for all thresholds but did not differ from males in the growth of sensory magnitude or in discriminatory capacity. Power functions, with a median exponent of 1.74 and a mean of 2.39, fit the scaling data well. The results are analyzed for a suggested negative correlation between exponent and stimulus range. The presence of such an effect indicates that electrocutaneous stimulation provides a powerful technique for the analysis of individual differences and the evaluation of psychophysical theories.Electrical stimulation of the skin provides a useful induction method for laboratory studies of pain (Procacci, Della Corte, et al., 1974;Rollman, 1983a; Smith & Andrew, 1970): it is readily graded in intensity, can be turned on and off instantaneously, and produces no lasting physical damage.Past research has typically demonstrated that the subjective magnitudes of the sensations produced by electrical pulses can be related to their current or voltage by a power function with an exponent greater than unity, indicating that the perceived intensity grows at a rate faster than the physical one. The reported value of the exponent of the power function has varied considerably, from near 1.0 to beyond 3.0 (e.g., Algom, Raphaeli, & Cohen- Raz, 1986; Babkoff, 1976 Babkoff, , 1978 Beck & Rosner, 1968;Bevan, 1966;Bromm & Treede, 1980; Bujas, Szabo, Kovacic, & Rohacek, 1975; Ekman, Frankenhaeuser, Levander, & Mellis, 1964Hawkes, 1960; McCallum & Goldberg, 1975;Sachs, Miller, & Grant, 1980;Sternbach & Tursky, 1964;Stevens, Carton, & Shickman, 1958;Tashiro & Higashiyama, 1981). These differences can be ascribed, in part, to the effects of stimulus parameters and correction of the power function for threshold (Rollman, 1974), to the nature and scaling of the physical stimulus (Myers, 1982), to the painfulness of the presentations (Jones, 1980), and to regression and range effects (Cross, Tursky, & Lodge, 1975).Although electrical shocks can be painful, most of the studies cited above determined power functions at levels that were weak enough for the sensation to be described as being tactile rather than nociceptive. Although there This research was supported by Grant AO-392 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to the senior author. Requests for reprints should be sent to Gary B. Rollman, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.have been attempts to obtain psychophysical functions for intense stimuli in several modalities (e.g

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Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Relationship Between Threshold and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 96%

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The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock

Rollman

Harris

1987

Perception & Psychophysics

Self Cite

109

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“…Comparison of drug effects on antinociception using this method with effects on other subjective or behavioral responses may provide an indication of the degree to which the antinociceptive effects relate to other reinforcing effects of drugs. In addition, comparison of results with this method and effects using other methods (e.g., cold pressor) may determine generalizability of radiant-heat-pain threshold with other indices of pain threshold (Harris & Rollman, 1983). Similarly, the effects of instructional set or distraction, which may be substantial with pain-detection methods such as cold pressor (e.g., Hodes, Howland, Lightfoot, & Cleeland, 1990), could be compared between radiant heat using this method and the other procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A technique for rapid, reliable assessment of thermal-pain threshold in humans

Perkins¹,

Grobe²,

Jennings³

et al. 1992

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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A simple and reliable method of assessing pain threshold in humans may be useful in a number of research areas, such as in examining acute antinociceptive effects of drugs. We have developed a low-cost, computer-controlled method to reliably assess thermal-pain threshold using radiant heat focused from a slide projector and applied to a small area of skin. An electronic shutter is attached to the projector opening to provide precise onset and offset of heat. A computer keypad allows for subject response at the point of pain onset (i.e., threshold), with latency to threshold determined by computer timer. The details of the apparatus setup, subject preparation, and instructions to subjects are presented. The development of the method is described, and sources of unreliability are identified. Coefficients of variation (eVs) are calculated to provide a measure of variability within subjects across trial exposures and across sessions. Results indicate that the method is reliable for determining pain threshold, especially within sessions, and can be employed with relatively minimal expense and subject preparation.

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“…They were instructed to place their non-dominant hand and also forearm in the ice bath with their palm flat at the bottom of the tank; so that ice water would cover the hand and approximately 10 cm of the forearm. The test was truncated at 300 s, since after this time point, the numbness would set in and the pain diminished (Wolf and Hardy, 1941;Harris and Rollman, 1983;Compton et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Cokg Wertheim)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective pain sensitivity affects sleep quality in opioid dependent males on methadone maintenance therapy

Zahari

Lee

Tan

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Aim Pain associated poor sleep quality has been reported among opioid dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) but objective pain data are lacking.This study aimed to investigate the rate of objective pain sensitivity and the relationship between pain sensitivity and sleep quality in this susceptible male population. Methods A total of 168 male patients from MMT clinic in Kelantan, Malaysia were included into the study. Objective pain tolerance to cold pressor test (CPT) was evaluated at 0 hour and at 24 hours after the first CPT. Malay version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -PSQI and the subjective opiate withdrawal scale (SOWS) questionnaires were administered to evaluate the quality of sleep and withdrawal symptoms, respectively. Results The mean age of the study participants was 37.22 (SD 6.20) PrePrints ABSTRACT Aim Pain associated poor sleep quality has been reported among opioid dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) but objective pain data are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the rate of objective pain sensitivity and the relationship between pain sensitivity and sleep quality in this susceptible male population.Methods A total of 168 male patients from MMT clinic in Kelantan, Malaysia were included into the study. Objective pain tolerance to cold pressor test (CPT) was evaluated at 0 hour and at 24 hours after the first CPT. Malay version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -PSQI and the subjective opiate withdrawal scale (SOWS) questionnaires were administered to evaluate the quality of sleep and withdrawal symptoms, respectively. ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 37.22 (SD 6.20)

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The validity of experimental pain measures

Cited by 97 publications

References 14 publications

The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock

The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock

A technique for rapid, reliable assessment of thermal-pain threshold in humans

Objective pain sensitivity affects sleep quality in opioid dependent males on methadone maintenance therapy

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