The valorization of municipal grass waste for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals

Abstract

The production of CNCs from MGW is an avenue to convert green waste into a value-added product.

Valorization of khat (Catha edulis) waste for the production of cellulose fibers and nanocrystals

“…As the lignin content (29%) reported in this study (Table 2) is much higher than that reported in most studies: 14% (sisal fibers) [56], 9% (municipal grass waste) [21], and 9% (lemon seeds) [57], the use of acetic acid and formic acid in the pretreatment step was needed to increase the purity of cellulose and facilitate the removal of lignin as well as digestibility, and thereby enhance the whiteness of the pulps. However, in a preliminary work during extraction of cellulose from other lignocellulosic materials with low lignin content, the whiteness, cellulose content as well as the degree of crystallinity increased significantly without such additional step.…”

“…However, in a preliminary work during extraction of cellulose from other lignocellulosic materials with low lignin content, the whiteness, cellulose content as well as the degree of crystallinity increased significantly without such additional step. Different studies which employ sodium hydroxide in the pretreatment stage use chlorine containing bleaching agents mainly sodium chlorite solution [21,[57][58][59][60] during isolation of CNCs, however, a chlorine-free bleaching solvent (alkaline hydrogen peroxide) was employed in our study.…”

“…Recently, various studies have reported work of waste valorization for the production of nanocellulose from different lignocellulosic sources such as pineapple peel waste [15], Posidonia oceanica waste [16][17][18], garlic straw residues [19], industrial kelp waste [20], grass waste [21], spent coffee grounds [22], paper mill sludge [23], paper waste [24], etc.…”

Preparation, Marriage Chemistry and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite: A Brief Review

“…Acid hydrolysis is the most common type of this method used to date. The hydrolysis method reduces the sizes of nanofibres from microns to nanometres [76][77][78][79]. However, this method is not without drawbacks, such as the use of high concentrations of acid, which leads to acid waste and considerably adverse effects on the environment.…”

Exploring different methods of cellulose extraction for 14C dating

“…The use of this compound is spreading in many fields, including the biomedical, packaging and environmental sectors, thanks not only to its chemical and physical properties, but also as a renewable, sustainable and biodegradable material. [4][5][6] In this study we chemically isolate cellulose from wood to exploit another of its unique qualities: its record of atmospheric carbon content. 7,8 Through the photosynthesis process, atmospheric CO 2 is stored as carbon in plants.…”