The Value of 99mTc ECD SPECT With Statistical Image Analysis on Enhancing the Early Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Abstract

A 64-year-old woman with poor short-term memory was first suspected as early Alzheimer disease. Tc ECD brain SPECT was arranged for differential diagnosis. A small area of mild hypoperfusion was noted in the left temporal lobe on conventional display. Further statistical analysis of SPECT with an easy Z-score imaging system showed large areas of distinct hypoperfusion in left precentral and perisylvian cortical areas, compatible with typical pictures of nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA), but no involvement in areas characteristic for Alzheimer disease. Further detailed neuropsychological examination and 6 months of clinical follow-up confirmed the final diagnosis of PPA.

Drop-in biofuels production from microalgae to hydrocarbons: Microalgal cultivation and harvesting, conversion pathways, economics and prospects for aviation

“…Having a typical boiling range of 150 to 300 °C, jet fuels can be used for civil or military aviation, implying lots of specifications and requirements [40,44]. In the 1960s, the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) established the specifications for Jet A-1 [45], which limit the concentration of aromatics at a maximum of 25% v/v, together with 3% for naphthalene and 3000 parts per million (ppm) for sulfur among other aspects [46][47][48]. Correspondingly, for drop-in biojet fuels to meet the ASTM standards and be compatible with existing fuel infrastructures, they have to fill in a range of characteristics including [46,49]:…”