“…This leads us to consider how outcomes are affected when activists can sometimes engage in stock-picking, profiting from trading on information that management is working to maximize shareholder value, in which case they need not incur costs of intervention. In practice, stock-picking represents a major source of activist profits (Feng, Yin, and Zhu (2020), Cremers, Giambona, Sepe, and Wang (2021)). We show that such stock-picking has positive spillover effects on disciplining management: Stock-picking based on good news raises the likelihood that negative net order flows do not contain activist trades, resulting in lower stock prices that make activism more profitable.…”