The Value of Animal Models for Study of Infection Due to Atypical Mycobacteria

Meißner, Gertrud

doi:10.1093/clinids/3.5.953

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Specifically, cells of M. avium strains grown at 42°C reached higher numbers in infected mice compared with cells grown at 37°C. 47 Further, cells of M. avium strains grown in Acanthamoeba castellani were more readily phagocytosed and reached higher numbers in infected mice compared with cells grown in a laboratory medium at the same temperature. 23 Because NTM and amoebae occupy the same biofilms in drinking water distribution systems, amoebae-grown NTM would be expected to be more virulent compared with those growing in the biofilm milieu.…”

Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria—Where Do Human Infections Come from?

Falkinham

2013

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

167

114

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental, opportunistic human pathogens whose reservoirs include peat-rich potting soil and drinking water in buildings and households. In fact, humans are likely surrounded by NTM. NTM are ideally adapted for residence in drinking water distribution systems and household and building plumbing as they are disinfectant-resistant, surface adherent, and able to grow on low concentrations of organic matter. For individuals at risk for NTM infection, measures can be taken to reduce NTM exposure. These include avoiding inhalation of dusts from peat-rich potting soil and aerosols from showers, hot tubs, and humidifiers. A riskanalysis of the presence of NTM in drinking water has not been initiated because the virulence of independent isolates of even single NTM species (e.g., Mycobacterium avium) is quite broad, and virulence determinants have not been identified.

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Section: Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria—Where Do Human Infections Come from?

Falkinham

2013

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

167

114

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“…Literature from over 50 years ago cites the use of rabbits with joint infections with atypical mycobacteria [44,45]. Thirty-five years ago, Meissner reported infecting rabbits as well as guinea pigs and hens with MAC organisms and noted large inoculum were required to create pathologic lesions in the animals [46]. More recently, eye infections to various NTM have been performed on rabbits [47,48].…”

Section: Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Chan¹,

Bai²,

Ordway³

et al. 2016

Mycobact Dis

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The use of animal models has been essential in understanding the pathogenesis of and hosts immune response to tuberculosis, as well as testing potential antimicrobial compounds and vaccines. Experimental animals have also been used to study infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Because there are many different species of NTM capable of causing disease and they have varying degrees of virulence, developing animal models that are suitable for the diseases they cause isolated lung disease, skin and soft-tissue infections, and visceral extra pulmonary /disseminated disease is challenging. The goal of this review is to discuss the various animal models that have been used to study the pathogenesis of NTM infection as well as screening candidate antimicrobials, which are essential endeavors if better control of NTM infection is to be achieved.

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“…The nature of the relationship between MAC and HIV infection has been difficult to establish due to lack of acceptable experimental models for either infectious agent (45,80,137). The only rodent model presently available for studying MAC infections seems to be the C57BL/6 mouse and its beige mutant, both of which develop progressive systemic infections when challenged orally or aerogenically with M. avium or M. intracellulare (53,88).…”

Section: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections and Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Collins

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

132

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The mycobacteria are an important group of acid-fast pathogens ranging from obligate intracellular parasites such as Mycobacterium leprae to environmental species such as M. gordonae and M. fortuitum. The latter may behave as opportunistic human pathogens if the host defenses have been depleted in some manner. The number and severity of such infections have increased markedly with the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. These nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to be less virulent for humans than M. tuberculosis, usually giving rise to self-limiting infections involving the cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of young children. However, the more virulent serovars of M. avium complex can colonize the bronchial and intestinal mucosal surfaces of healthy individuals, becoming virtual members of the commensal gut microflora and thus giving rise to low levels of skin hypersensitivity to tuberculins prepared from M. avium and M. intracellulare. Systemic disease develops when the normal T-cell-mediated defenses become depleted as a result of old age, cancer chemotherapy, or infection with human immunodeficiency virus. As many as 50% of human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals develop mycobacterial infections at some time during their disease. Most isolates of M. avium complex from AIDS patients fall into serotypes 4 and 8. The presence of these drug-resistant mycobacteria in the lungs of the AIDS patient makes their effective clinical treatment virtually impossible. More effective chemotherapeutic, prophylactic, and immunotherapeutic reagents are urgently needed to treat this rapidly increasing patient population.

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The Value of Animal Models for Study of Infection Due to Atypical Mycobacteria

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Ecology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria—Where Do Human Infections Come from?

Ecology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria—Where Do Human Infections Come from?

Animal Models of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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