The Value of Annual Glaucoma Screening for High-Risk Adults Ages 60 to 80

Allison, Karen; Patel, Deepkumar; Besharim, Caren

doi:10.7759/cureus.18710

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…By the point when 24–2 MD becomes significantly low, studies found that at least 25–35% of RGCs are already irreversibly lost [ 48 ], and the results of this study suggest that as high as a 32–33% loss of eRGC Mag did not significantly reduce 24–2 MD (Tables 5 , 7 ). As such, identifying which GS eyes are progressing to PPG is paramount to disease control and improving life quality [ 62 ]. However, only 9.5% of GS progress to glaucoma [ 63 ], and determining which eyes are at the highest risk can be difficult, particularly when IOP, SAP, OCT, and ssPERG measures are normal or in conflict.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell count using steady-state pattern electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma suspects and preperimetric glaucoma: an electrophysiological pilot study

et al. 2022

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Purpose To derive and validate structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and steady-state pattern electroretinography (ssPERG) parameters in glaucoma suspects (GS) and preperimetric glaucoma (PPG). Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, 25 subjects (50 eyes) were recruited at the Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital. Subjects underwent comprehensive eye examinations, OCT, standard automated perimetry (SAP), and ssPERG testing. Eyes were divided into three groups based on the Global Glaucoma Staging System: healthy (N = 30), GS (N = 10), and PPG (N = 10) eyes. The combined structure–function index (CSFI), which estimates retinal ganglion cell count (eRGCCSFI) from SAP and OCT parameters, was calculated in each study subject. Two prediction formulas were derived using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to predict eRGCCSFI from ssPERG parameters, age, and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (ARNFLT) in 30 eyes selected at random (training group). GLMM predicted values were cross-validated with the remaining 20 eyes (validation group). Results The ARNFLT, ssPERG parameters magnitude (Mag) and magnitudeD (MagD), and eRGCCSFI were significantly different among study groups (ANOVA p ≤ 0.001). Pearson correlations demonstrated significant associations among ARNFLT, ssPERG parameters, and eRGCCSFI (r2 ≥ 0.31, p < 0.001). Two GLMMs predicted eRGCCSFI from Mag (eRGCMag) and MagD (eRGCMagD), respectively, with significant equations (F(3,18), F(3,19) ≥ 58.37, R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). eRGCMag and eRGCMagD in the validation group (R2 = 0.89) correlated with eRGCCSFI similarly to the training group. Multivariate pairwise comparisons revealed that eRGCMag and eRGCMagD distinguished between healthy, GS, and PPG eyes (p ≤ 0.035), whereas independent Mag, MagD, and ARNFLT measures did not distinguish between GS and PPG eyes. Conclusion This pilot study offers the first combined structure–function models for estimating RGC count using ssPERG parameters. RGC counts estimated with these models were generalizable, strongly associated with CSFI estimates, and performed better than individual ssPERG and OCT measures in distinguishing healthy, GS, and PPG eyes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell count using steady-state pattern electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma suspects and preperimetric glaucoma: an electrophysiological pilot study

et al. 2022

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“… 76 However, earlier detection of glaucoma facilitates earlier intervention, prevention of disease progression, and better quality of life and life expectancy. 77 – 81 Although the lack of ample research such as randomized controlled trials comparing screened and unscreened populations contributes to the current uncertainty about the benefit of glaucoma screening for the general public, early screening for at-risk populations may provide a possible solution to mitigate disparities.…”

Section: Addressing Disparities In Glaucoma Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying, Understanding, and Addressing Disparities in Glaucoma Care in the United States

Davuluru,

Jess,

Kim

et al. 2023

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, currently affecting around 80 million people. Glaucoma prevalence is rapidly rising in the United States due to an aging population. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, significant disparities persist in disease detection, management, and outcomes among the diverse patient populations of the United States. Research on disparities is critical to identifying, understanding, and addressing societal and healthcare inequalities. Disparities research is especially important and impactful in the context of irreversible diseases such as glaucoma, where earlier detection and intervention are the primary approach to improving patient outcomes. In this article, we first review recent studies identifying disparities in glaucoma care that affect patient populations based on race, age, and gender. We then review studies elucidating and furthering our understanding of modifiable factors that contribute to these inequities, including socioeconomic status (particularly age and education), insurance product, and geographic region. Finally, we present work proposing potential strategies addressing disparities in glaucoma care, including teleophthalmology and artificial intelligence. We also discuss the presence of non-modifiable factors that contribute to differences in glaucoma burden and can confound the detection of glaucoma disparities. Translational Relevance By recognizing underlying causes and proposing potential solutions, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders can work collaboratively to reduce the burden of glaucoma and improve visual health and clinical outcomes in vulnerable patient populations.

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“…Research in the association of genetics to medication adherence is also an area that is currently been explored. The Polygenetic risk score and other glaucoma risk assessment scores that are currently been researched and developed may hold a significant answer into early screening, early diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease (18).…”

Section: Racial and Ethnic Disparities In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Glaucoma – An Update

Allison,

Morabito,

DeAngelis

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Glaucoma poses a serious public health concern as it is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts, while also being the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma is more prevalent among Black, Latino, and Asian populations and it is essential to examine both racial and ethnic disparities that exist in treatment and prevention. As the number of people with glaucoma continues to grow, it is important to review aspects of this condition in order to better care for those affected. This article will review significant forms of glaucoma and what differentiates them in a diagnosis, treatment options, and recommendations on prevention and improving awareness

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The Value of Annual Glaucoma Screening for High-Risk Adults Ages 60 to 80

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell count using steady-state pattern electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma suspects and preperimetric glaucoma: an electrophysiological pilot study

Structure–function models for estimating retinal ganglion cell count using steady-state pattern electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma suspects and preperimetric glaucoma: an electrophysiological pilot study

Identifying, Understanding, and Addressing Disparities in Glaucoma Care in the United States

The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Glaucoma – An Update

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