“…The estimated healthcare expenditures associated with emergent evaluation of chest pain exceeds $10 billion dollars per year (Jois‐Bilowich & Tyndall, ). Two percent to 8% of patients that present with symptoms of ACS are misdiagnosed and discharged home inappropriately, thereby increasing mortality rates (Dadkhah et al., ). The ineffective evaluation and management in the emergency department (ED) of chest pain caused by ACS has resulted in unwarranted hospitalizations and futile utilization of emergency services, leading to overcrowding, treatment delays, and a reduction in optimal healthcare outcomes, as well as concerns regarding potential litigation (Go et al., ; Lee & Goldman, ).…”