Objectives: To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and abnormal cytology results in a local Turkish hospital and to review the recent Turkish literature. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pap smear and of 7985 patients between October 2012 and September 2014 were reviewed. Patients with abnormal cytology were included in the study. The relationship between HPV status and cervical cytology results were investigated. Results: One hundred and twelve patients (1.4%) had abnormal cervical cytology results. Ninety five patients with abnormal cytological results were finally analyzed. Thirty one (32.6%) patients were positive for HPV. The mean ages of HPV (+) and HPV (-) patients were comparable (42.5±10.1 years vs. 44.6±10.7 years, respectively; P=.382). Two patients had multiple HPV infections. The most common HPV types were HPV 16 (38.2%), HPV 6 (23.5%), HPV 18 (14.7%) and HPV 33 (9.1%). The ratio of diagnostic upgrade after histopathologic examination was significantly higher in HPV (+) ASC-US patients than HPV (-) ASC-US patients (50% vs. 5.8%, respectively; P=.002). The ratio of diagnostic upgrade after histopathologic examination was significantly higher in HPV (+) LSIL patients than HPV (-) LSIL patients (45.5% vs. 0%, respectively; P=.030). Conclusion: While developing national and regional screening and vaccination strategies for cervical cancer it's important to define HPV genotype distribution and its relationship with screening results in different local regions of the country.