The Value of Inflammatory Cell Count and Its Ratio in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. In recent years, the value of inflammatory cell count and its ratio in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been controversial.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 475 patients with transrectal prostate puncture with TPSA>4 ng/ml in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis were performed to analysis the factor of age, TPSA, FPSA, PV, NC, LC, PC, NLR, PLR in the diagnosis value of prostate cancer, and further analysis the value of inflammatory cell count and its ratio in different TPSA groups of prostate cancer (4 ng/ml <TPSA ≤ 10 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml ＜TPSA ≤ 20 ng/ml, TPSA ＞ 20 ng/ml). Results: The results of Univariate analysis in the overall data showed that Age, TPSA, PV, NC, PLC were influencing factors in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of NC was 56.2% with a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 41.5% in the cut -off point of 4.52 (p = 0.021). The PLC cut-off point of 205.5 gives 55.6% AUC with 67.2% sensitivity and 4.2% specificity. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results showed that Age, TPSA, PV, NC were independent influencing factors for the diagnosis of prostate cancer; In different TPSA group studies, it was found that NC, NLR, and PLR were valuable for the diagnosis of prostate cancer when TPSA>20 ng/ml，at the NC cut-off point of 4.52 with 67.3% AUC, 71.2% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity(p＜0.001), at the NLR cut-off point of 3.14 with 65.4% AUC, 67.2% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity (p＜0.001), and at the PLR cut-off point of 135.8 with 62.8% AUC , 57.6% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity (p＜0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results showed that when TPSA>20 ng/ml, the higher Age, TPSA , Low PV and NC are independent risk factors affecting the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Conclusion: NC has promising value in predicting prostate cancer, especially when TPSA>20 ng/ml. A further prospective study in validating its diagnostic value was needed.

Engineered immunologic niche monitors checkpoint blockade response and probes mechanisms of resistance

“…Similarly, no difference in the proportions of monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages was observed at the IN based on ICB response, while reduced proportions of both B cells (CD19 + ) and NK cells (CD49b + ) were observed at the IN of ICB‐sensitive mice (Figure 2C), though not cell quantities (Figure S4C, D). As B cells and NK cells are influenced by myeloid‐derived immune cells in ICB, 46,47 the ratios of innate to adaptive immune cells were also assessed, which has been a useful prognostic indicator in other reports 48,49 . Interestingly, the macrophage: NK cell, neutrophil: NK cell, neutrophil: B cell, and neutrophil: T cell ratios were all significantly increased at the IN of ICB‐sensitive mice relative to ICB‐resistant mice (Figure 2D, E).…”

“…As B cells and NK cells are influenced by myeloid-derived immune cells in ICB, 46,47 the ratios of innate to adaptive immune cells were also assessed, which has been a useful prognostic indicator in other reports. 48,49 Interestingly, the macrophage: NK cell, neutrophil: NK cell, neutrophil: B cell, and neutrophil: T cell ratios were all significantly increased at the IN of ICB-sensitive mice relative to ICB-resistant mice (Figure 2D, E). Collectively, these results indicate the immunological niche captures a high density of both innate and adaptive cells for analysis, yet few differences are observed between sensitive and resistant mice, suggesting that broad immune population dynamics alone cannot distinguish ICB treatment refractivity.…”