The value of large-scale field trials for determining the effects of pesticides on the non-target arthropod fauna of cereal crops

Mead-Briggs, M. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_19

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Both test soil organisms are suitable for studies at different test levels, such as laboratory, semi-field or field (Collembola only) tests to detect potential lethal or sublethal effects of test compounds. Field tests with carabid beetles are not recommended for side effect testing because of the inhomogeneous distribution of the individuals in the field, the difficulties of reliable pre-sampling due to the development cycle and the absence of the suitable developmental stages in the soil, and due to the resulting problems with statistical evaluation (Mead-Briggs, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Benzoxazolinone BOA, Selected Degradation Products and Structure Related Pesticides on Soil Organisms

2005

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The benzoxazolinone BOA and the degradation products APO, AAPO and HPAA, as well as four structure related compounds to BOA, were tested for their lethal and sublethal effects on the collembola Folsomia candida and on the carabid beetle Poecilus cupreus applying validated standard laboratory methods. According to the results of the recommended risk assessment for plant protection products (EPPO, 2003), BOA and its structure related compounds carbendazim, benoxacor and benazolin (and additionally the formulated product Cresopur) were classified as low risk compounds for both test organisms. Phosalone was of high risk for F. candida. APO, AAPO and HPAA were of medium risk for F. candida, but were rated as low risk compounds for P. cupreus at the tested rates of about 2 mg/kg substrate. However, as the BOA degradation products have been found to occur at field rates below 0.2 mg/kg substrate or are often even not detectable, it is assumed that their potential risk for both non-target soil organisms in the field will be acceptable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Benzoxazolinone BOA, Selected Degradation Products and Structure Related Pesticides on Soil Organisms

2005

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“…Wiles & Jepson (1994) found this species to be one of the most vulnerable to summer applications of deltamethrin, later confirmed by Alford, Miller, Goulson & Holland (1998) using a model incorporating spray distribution. No significant effect of dimethoate was detected in replicated plot trials for this species despite numbers being high enough for analysis (Mead-Briggs, 1998;Walters et al, 1998), confirming Mead-Briggs's criticism of the replicated plot approach for Carabidae. Some arthropods may have emerged from pupae within the fields after the dimethoate was applied, contributing to the repopulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…To some extent the above problems can be overcome by using a replicated plot approach as is recommended for insecticide trials (Brown et aI., 1990;Anon, 1991;Perry & Anon., 1999), but if a species is absent or present only in low numbers within some of these areas the replication is reduced. This was clearly demonstrated in a series of four UK field trials, where, of 28 statistical comparisons, only five carabid species indicated a significant treatment effect for dimethoate (Mead-Briggs, 1998), despite its known toxicity to this family (Floate et al, 1989;Cilgi et al, 1996). Unsprayed control areas are also usually present within the field and reinvasion from these can be greater than from the field margins (Duffield & Aebischer, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Insecticide effects may also be difficult to interpret or fail to detect the true effect if only small areas within a field are monitored or if a species exhibits either low numbers or spatial heterogeneity (Mead-Briggs, 1998). Such a distribution has been shown for most groups of beneficial arthropods including Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Araneae and parasitic wasps (Hengeveld, 1979;Holopainen, 1995;Ruggle & Holst, 1995;Longley et al, 1997b;Thomas et al, 1998;Holland et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broad-spectrum organophosphate products are still commonly used in the UK because of their lower cost (Oakley, 1994), despite their known hazard to beneficial species. Dimethoate, especially is known to be toxic to a wide range of beneficial arthropods (Vickerman & Sunderland, 1977;Duffield & Aebischer, 1994;Mead-Briggs, 1998;Walters, Morgan, Lane & Ellis, 1998) and is frequently used as a toxic standard (Floate, Elliott, Doane & Gillott, 1989;Cilgi et al, 1996). For field applications another important factor influencing the outcome is the size of the treated area and the potential for reinvasion by individuals from untreated areas (Duffield & Aebischer, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of dimethoate on the spatial distribution of beneficial arthropods in winter wheat

Holland

Winder

Perry

2000

Annals of Applied Biology

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The within-field spatial distribution of beneficial arthropods was assessed using two-dimensional grids of pitfall traps and suction sampling across two winter wheat fields of 4 and 16 ha, before and after an application of dimethoate. An unsprayed 6 m wide buffer zone was left around half the edge of the larger field. Arthropod numbers fluctuated to varying extents prior to spraying. Two species of Carabidae (Pterostichus madidus and I? melanarius), Linyphiidae, Lycosidae and Aphidius spp. (Braconidae) all showed their greatest reduction after spraying. For five carabid taxa, Tachyporus spp. (Staphylinidae) andCollembola the decline in numbers following spraying was no greater than any reduction found during the pre-spraying period. Within field spatial distributions of three arthropod groups were analysed using SADIE. I? madidus, present in patches across the centre of both fields prior to spraying, was removed by dimethoate and by 34 days after spraying had recovered most at the field edges. Linyphiidae were evenly distributed across both fields prior to spraying. Their numbers were reduced considerably by dimethoate and they did not recover to pre-spray levels. However, where recovery occurred this was across the centre of both fields indicating their potential to reinvade whole fields. Aphidius species were also evenly distributed across both fields prior to spraying, but did not recover after spraying. Some, but not all arthropods survived within the unsprayed buffer zone and there was some indication that reinvasion of the mid-field was more extensive where this was present. The importance of field margins with respect to insecticide treatments is discussed. invertebrate ecology of farmland as a mirror of the intensity of the impact of man?-an approach to interpreting results of field experiments carried out in different crop management intensities of a sugar beet and an oil seed rape rotation including set-aside. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 15:83-108.

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The value of large-scale field trials for determining the effects of pesticides on the non-target arthropod fauna of cereal crops

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of the Benzoxazolinone BOA, Selected Degradation Products and Structure Related Pesticides on Soil Organisms

Effects of the Benzoxazolinone BOA, Selected Degradation Products and Structure Related Pesticides on Soil Organisms

The impact of dimethoate on the spatial distribution of beneficial arthropods in winter wheat

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