The Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: A Case Series and Literature Review

Han, Ning; Jiang, Yu; Wang, Ming; Ma, Yuanji; Yan, Li; Tang, Hong

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac511

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The rapid turnaround time of 2-3 days for obtaining pathogenic evidence with mNGS is particularly advantageous compared to the average feedback time of 7-14 days for culture-based methods. This expedited diagnosis supports the recognition of mNGS as a valuable tool for early and rapid disease diagnosis in clinical practice (Aoki and Kushimoto, 1987;Swenson et al, 2018;Han, 2022). Additionally, our study highlights another advantage of mNGS, which is its ability to directly target specific NTM strains without the need for further strain typing.…”

Section: Pcr Testing Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing assistance in identifying non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

Wang,

Xing

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe advent of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has garnered attention as a novel method for detecting pathogenic infections, including Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) and tuberculosis (TB).However, the robustness and specificity of mNGS in NTM diagnostics have not been fully explored.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 27 patients with NTM genomic sequences via mNGS and conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation.ResultsPulmonary NTM disease was the most commonly observed presentation, with a subset of patients also presenting with extrapulmonary NTM infections.mNGS analysis identified six distinct NTM species, primarily Mycobacteriumavium complex (MAC), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare andMycobacterium abscessus. Conventional routine culture methods encountered challenges, resulting in negative results for all available 22 samples. Among the 10 patients who underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing, five tested positive for NTM.DiscussionIt is important to note that further species typing is necessary to determine the specific NTM type, as traditional pathogen detection methods serve as an initial step. In contrast, when supplemented with pathogen data, enables the identification of specific species, facilitating precise treatment decisions. In conclusion, mNGS demonstrates significant potential in aidingthe diagnosis of NTMdisease by rapidly detecting NTM pathogens and guiding treatment strategies. Its enhanced performance, faster turnaround time (TAT), and species identification capabilities make mNGS a promising tool for managing NTM infections.

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Section: Pcr Testing Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing assistance in identifying non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

Wang,

Xing

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Owing to the wide range of non-specific clinical symptoms, patients with leishmaniasis frequently could not be diagnosed using conventional methods. For example, in seven patients whose blood mNGS findings pointed to Leishmania infection and were finally diagnosed with leishmaniasis, only three individuals tested positive for rK39, and two had Leishmania amastigotes identified in their bone marrow (12). In the two cases of this study, bone marrow aspirate smears failed to find Leishmania before mNGS detection, because of short…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 66%

Case report: Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and its treatment evaluation

Liang

Liang²,

Hong³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection by the Leishmania spp., a parasite. Although the overall incidence of visceral leishmaniasis is low, the disease still occurs frequently in some high-risk areas. In our study, two patients were admitted to the hospital with an unprovoked and recurrent high fever, and the condition was not improved after antibiotics administration. Meanwhile, bone marrow aspiration smears failed to find out any pathogen. Finally, Leishmania-specific nucleic acid sequences were successfully detected in the peripheral blood of two patients through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which was further confirmed by bone marrow smear microscopy and antibody tests. After targeted treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in the patients, mNGS reported a decrease in the reads number of Leishmania sequence. The results indicate the feasibility of mNGS in detecting Leishmania spp. in peripheral blood samples. Its therapeutic effect evaluation may be achieved through a comparative analysis of the number of reads before and after the treatment.

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“…Conventional detection methods typically take several years to complete human genome sequencing, whereas mNGS can be completed in about a week. This not only dramatically improves the speed and accuracy of sequencing but also provides necessary technical support for identifying difficult, emerging, or newly discovered pathogens (10,11). In this study, it was suggested that out of 56 patients, 42 pathogens were identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exploring the pathogen diagnosis and prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A retrospective study

Zeng,

Liang,

et al. 2024

J Med Biochemistry

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Background: This study aimed to identify pathogens and factors that predict the outcome of severe COVID-19 by utilizing metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 56 severe COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital between December 2022 and March 2023. We analyzed the pathogen types and strains detected through mNGS and conventional microbiological testing and collected general patient information. Results: In this study, 42 pathogens were detected using mNGS and conventional microbiological testing. mNGS had a significantly higher detection rate of 90.48% compared to 71.43% for conventional testing (P=0.026). A total of 196 strains were detected using both methods, with a significantly higher detection rate of 70.92% for mNGS compared to 49.49% for conventional testing (P=0.000). The 56 patients were divided into a survival group (33 cases) and a death group (23 cases) based on clinical outcomes. The survival group had significantly lower age, number of pathogens detected by mNGS, number of pathogens detected by conventional testing, APACHE-II score, SOFA score, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase-MB subtype, and lactate dehydrogenase compared to the death group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that these factors were risk factors for mortality in severe COVID-19 patients (P<0.05). In contrast, ROC curve analysis revealed that these factors had diagnostic values for mortality, with AUC values ranging from 0.657 to 0.963. The combined diagnosis of these indicators had an AUC of 0.924. Conclusion: The use of mNGS technology can significantly enhance the detection of pathogens in severe cases of COVID-19 and also has a solid ability to predict clinical outcomes.

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The Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: A Case Series and Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing assistance in identifying non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing assistance in identifying non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections

Case report: Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and its treatment evaluation

Exploring the pathogen diagnosis and prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A retrospective study

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