The value of mineral fertilizers and products based on humic acids in the yield increasing of forage crops on the soils of the arid Volga region (analytical review)

Abstract

There were considered the results of experiments with fertilizers, which were carried out with scientific fertilizers on the chernozem chestnut soils of the arid Volga region. The objects of research were grain fodder crops (spring barley, oats, grain sorghum, grain corn), as well as those used for green fodder (sugar sorghum, corn). It has been established that among mineral fertilizers, the leading role in yield increasing of forage crops belongs to nitrogen fertilizers but not phosphorus ones (as previously believed). The use of fertilizers based on humic acids had a positive effect on the growth, development and yield increase of forage crops. The maximum productivity in the experiments was achieved with the combined use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and humic based products. The effect of all studied types of fertilizers depended on the weather conditions of the growing season.

Intelligent Agrocenoses Program Control System

“…To form optimal programs for all control intervals, the Pontryagin's maximum principle is used [13,15]. In accordance with this method, the Hamiltonian of a system that includes models of culture, soil environment, and criterion (11) has the following form.…”

“…As a result, such separate management leads to significant crop losses, excessive consumption of fertilizers and herbicides and deterioration of environmental performance. The recent emergence of work on the simultaneous joint application of fertilizers and herbicides shows that technological science is striving to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing separate management paradigm [6,11]. This poses new challenges for the science of managing agricultural technologies, forcing it to consider a field with an agrocenoses as a single object control (OC).…”