The value of plasticity index (IP) and liquidity index (IL) of North Polish ablation boulder clays and varved clays depending of the method of its determination

Abstract

<jats:p>Article determins a correlation between the values of the plasticity and liquidity index (IP, IL) of cohesive soils achieved by various laboratory methods (on the basis of Casagrande apparatus and cone penetrometer method) and consists research results on natural clayey soils of known origin and strictly defined genetic features, described in detail in terms of particle size and mineralogy (the North Polish ablation boulder clays and varved clays).</jats:p>

Archives of Civil Engineering

“…-Method No. 3: it is 1-point method based on the Formula (2.4) according to the rules of the standard BS 1377:1990 described as wL_Cass_BS_1 [43] and based on the results of each series the average value was calculated [31]:…”

“…-Method No. 4: it is 2-points method based on the diagram according to the rules of the standard PN-EN ISO 17892-12 [35] described as wL_Cass_ISO_2, the principle has been adopted that these two points must be at least 15 number of rotations cup of the cup of apart from each other and based on the selected combinations the average value was calculated [31]. The value of the liquidity limit of the tested organic soils was determined using the penetrometer cone method using the methods of interpretation of test results: 4-points (Methods No.…”

“…6: it is 4-points method based on the diagram (Figure 1b) where X is cone penetration (mm) and Y is the water content 𝑤 (%) according to the rules of the standard PN-EN ISO 17892-12 [35] described as wL_cone_ISO_4; -Method No. 7: it is 2-points method based on the diagram and formula (2.3) according to the rules of the standard PN-B-04481: 1988 [40] described as wL_cone_PN_2, the principle has been adopted that these two points must be at least 5 mm apart on the scale of the cone and based on the selected combinations the average value was calculated [31]; -Method No. 8: it is 2-points method based on the diagram according to the rules of the standard PN-EN ISO 17892-12 [35] described as wL_cone_ISO_2, the principle has been adopted that these two points must be at least 5 mm apart on the scale of the cone and based on the selected combinations the average value was calculated [31]; -Method No.…”

“…7: it is 2-points method based on the diagram and formula (2.3) according to the rules of the standard PN-B-04481: 1988 [40] described as wL_cone_PN_2, the principle has been adopted that these two points must be at least 5 mm apart on the scale of the cone and based on the selected combinations the average value was calculated [31]; -Method No. 8: it is 2-points method based on the diagram according to the rules of the standard PN-EN ISO 17892-12 [35] described as wL_cone_ISO_2, the principle has been adopted that these two points must be at least 5 mm apart on the scale of the cone and based on the selected combinations the average value was calculated [31]; -Method No. 9: it is 1-point method based on the Leroueil and Bihan (1996) [13] Formula (2.6) described as wL_Cass_BS_1 and based on the results of each series the average value was calculated: (30 where: 𝑤 -water content of the ground paste (%) when cone penetration is 18 mm and 𝑃 80 is cone (30 • /80 g) penetration (mm).…”

“…The researches works aimed at verifying the usefulness of these methods have been undertaken by many researchers in the World [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and in Poland [27][28][29][30][31][32], but very few refer to organic soils. Nowadays, the basic source of information in the field of laboratory and field tests of soils is the second part of the Eurocode 7 [33] standard, which, apart from the characteristics and description of test methods, also includes appendices explaining how to interpret the obtained results.…”