“…11 Other research using the PIAAC data investigates-among others-the effect of teacher skills on student achievement (Hanushek et al, 2014), the role of skill mismatch for earnings (Levels et al, 2014;Perry et al, 2014), skill depreciation over the lifecycle (Barrett and Riddell, 2016), and the effect of vocational education on lifecycle employment (Hampf and Woessmann, 2016). 12 Participating countries in the first round were Australia, Austria, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom (specifically England and Northern Ireland), and the United States.…”