The value of the dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking

Strang, Nicole M.; Chein, Jason; Steinberg, Laurence

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00223

Cited by 63 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our results, along with those of aforementioned studies, may be interpreted in light of dual-process models of addiction and risk-taking, which posit two interacting systems: an impulsive system related to drug-seeking that includes the amygdala and ventral striatum, and a reflective system (involving orbitofrontal regions, anterior cingulate, insula, somatosensory cortex, and hippocampus) that shapes future behavior based on affective states arising from consequences of prior behavior (Bechara, 2005; Steinberg, 2010; Strang et al, 2013). Among individuals who have tried cannabis, a dysfunctional reflective system would contribute to escalating drug use despite experiencing negative consequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults

González

Schuster

Mermelstein

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Deficits in decision-making and episodic memory are often reported among heavy cannabis users, yet little is known on how they influence negative consequences from cannabis use. Individual differences in decision-making may explain, in part, why some individuals experience significant problems from their cannabis use whereas others do not. We hypothesized that poor decision-making would moderate relationships between amount of cannabis use and problems from cannabis use whereas episodic memory performance would not. Method Young adult cannabis users (n = 52) with cannabis as their drug of choice and with minimal comorbidities completed semi-structured interviews, self-report questionnaires, and measures of neurocognitive functioning, with decision-making accessed via the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), episodic memory via the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT) and problems from cannabis use with the Marijuana Problems Scale. Results Strong relationships were observed between amount of cannabis use (lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day) and problems reported from use, but only among participants with Low (impaired) decision-making (R2 = .39 to .51; p < .01). No significant relationships were observed among those with better (low average to high average) decision-making performance (p > .05). In contrast, episodic memory performance was not a significant moderator of the relationship between amount of cannabis use and cannabis problems (p > .05). Conclusions Cannabis users with poor decision-making may be at greater risk for experiencing significant negative consequences from their cannabis use. Our results lend further support to emerging evidence of decision-making as a risk factor for addiction and extend these findings to cannabis users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults

González

Schuster

Mermelstein

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…The present study provides evidence that the dual systems framework does predict individual differences in problematic substance use among college-enrolled adults (Strang, Chein, & Steinberg, 2013). The present study has a number of strengths, including the application of advanced quantitative methods to appropriately specify models for low base-rate risk behavior and the application of psychometrically validated measures of trait impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Premeditation moderates the relation between sensation seeking and risky substance use among young adults.

McCabe¹,

Louie²,

King³

2015

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Young adulthood is a peak period for externalizing behaviors such as substance abuse and antisocial conduct. Evidence from developmental neuroscience suggests that externalizing conduct within this time period may be associated with a “developmental asymmetry” characterized by an early peak in sensation seeking combined with a relatively immature impulse control system. Trait measures of impulsivity—sensation seeking and premeditation—are psychological manifestations of these respective systems, and multiple prior studies suggest that high sensation seeking and low premeditation independently confer risk for distinct forms of externalizing behaviors. The goal of the present study was to test this developmental asymmetry hypothesis, examining whether trait premeditation moderates the effect of sensation seeking on substance use and problems, aggression, and rule-breaking behavior. Using a cross-sectional sample of college-enrolled adults (n = 491), we applied zero-inflated modeling strategies to examine the likelihood and level of risky externalizing behaviors. Results indicated that lower premeditation enhanced the effect of higher sensation seeking on higher levels of positive and negative alcohol consequences, more frequent drug use, and more problematic drug use, but was unrelated to individual differences in antisocial behaviors. Our findings indicate that the developmental asymmetry between sensation seeking and a lack of premeditation is a risk factor for individual differences in problematic substance use among young adults, and may be less applicable for antisocial behaviors among high functioning individuals.

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“…This pattern of differential neurological development has been referred to as the dual systems model or the maturational imbalance theory [e.g., 36, 43••]; however, there are competing views of this model (see [43••, 44, 45] for a discussion of these issues and related controversies). The resulting developmentally normative mismatch between increased emotional volatility combined with an underdeveloped regulation system means that for youths particularly at risk (e.g., children of substance-dependent parents [46], those with environmental or genetic risk [29••], or psychosocial stress [38]), difficulty with emotion regulation is an identifiable, transdiagnostic, early embedded risk for psychopathology in adolescence—including disorders of addiction, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems [3••, 11••, 15, 17, 19, 47–49, 50•, 51••, 52, 53••, 54–56].…”

Section: Emotion Regulation Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Substance Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: Emotion Regulation Deficits as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor

Shadur

Lejuez

2015

Curr Addict Rep

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Rates of substance use and comorbid psychopathology peak during adolescence, highlighting the need to identify transdiagnostic risk processes that cut across conditions and elucidate early embedded risk factors for comorbidity across development. The current review highlights emotion regulation deficits as a core transdiagnostic risk factor underlying the development of substance use, addiction, and comorbid psychopathology in adolescence. We present the dual systems model of neurological development to highlight adolescence as a critical period of increased risk for emotion regulation difficulties, corresponding risk behaviors, and psychopathology. We describe malfunction in the neurobiological regulation system underlying the relationship between emotion regulation and risk for addiction and comorbidity. We pull from two established developmental theories including both the externalizing pathway and the internalizing pathway to substance use disorders, which together highlight how early embedded risk in the form of emotion regulation deficits can explain mechanisms underlying the development of addiction and comorbid psychiatric disorders.

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The value of the dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking

Cited by 63 publications

References 44 publications

The role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults

The role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults

Premeditation moderates the relation between sensation seeking and risky substance use among young adults.

Adolescent Substance Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: Emotion Regulation Deficits as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor

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