“…Collectively, members of the holobiont contribute to the fitness of the coral animal (Rohwer et al, 2002;Mieog et al, 2009;Gordon and Leggat, 2010;Parkinson et al, 2015). Coral reefs provide a variety of important services, including hosting diverse marine ecosystems (Plaisance et al, 2011;Fisher et al, 2015), supplying pharmacophores for drug development (Bruckner, 2002;Sang et al, 2019), protecting shorelines (Reguero et al, 2021), and contributing to coastal economies with an estimated collective worth of $3.4 billion in the US (Brander and Van Beukering, 2013). Factors including increased ocean temperatures, ocean acidification, pollution, and disease outbreaks present continual challenges to the health of corals (Richardson, 1998;Rosenberg and Ben-Haim, 2002;Rogers and Weil, 2010;Pandolfi et al, 2011;Hoegh-Guldberg et al, 2017;Grottoli et al, 2018;Montilla et al, 2019;Howells et al, 2020).…”