The Variability of Neural Responses to Naturalistic Videos Change with Age and Sex

Petroni, Agustín; Cohen, Saul B.; Ai, Lei; Langer, Nicolas; Henin, Simon; Vanderwal, Tamara; Milham, Michael P.; Parra, Lucas C.

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0244-17.2017

Cited by 44 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Indeed, our data appear to support this latter accountolder individuals showed less temporal variability on a trial-by-trial basis than younger individuals in certain regions, consistent with prior developmental findings in other domains (Koolschijn et al, 2011;Ordaz et al, 2013). Our findings might also be explained by prior work showing that age-related trajectories of temporal variability in the brain do not follow a single pattern, but instead show regionally-specific increases and decreases in variability (Nomi et al, 2017;Petroni et al, 2018). This supports the notion that development is possibly characterized by a process of 'variability tuning', where an intermediate amount of variability is necessary for the execution of psychological tasks, but what is classified as "intermediate" varies across brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatial and Temporal Cortical Variability Track with Age and Affective Experience During Emotion Regulation in Youth

Moreira

McLaughlin

Silvers

2018

Preprint

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Variability is a fundamental feature of human brain activity that is particularly pronounced during development. However, developmental neuroimaging research has only recently begun to move beyond characterizing brain function across development exclusively in terms of magnitude of neural activation to incorporating estimates of variability. No prior neuroimaging study has done so in the domain of emotion regulation. We investigated how age and affective experiences influence spatial and temporal variability in neural activity during emotion regulation. In the current study, 70 typically developing youth aged 8-17 years completed a cognitive reappraisal task of emotion regulation while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Estimates of spatial and temporal variability during emotion regulation were calculated across a network of brain regions, defined a priori, and were then related to age and affective experiences. Results showed that increasing age was associated with reduced spatial and temporal variability in a set of frontoparietal regions (e.g., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, superior parietal lobule) known to be involved in effortful emotion regulation. In addition, youth who reported less negative affect during emotion regulation had less spatial variability in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. We interpret age-related reductions in spatial and temporal variability as evidence of neural specialization. These results imply that the development of emotion regulation is undergirded by a process of neural specialization and open up a host of possibilities for incorporating neural variability into the study of emotion regulation development.Keywords: Emotion; Emotion Regulation; Development; Variability; Neuroimaging . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Heller & Casey, 2016;Nomi, Bolt, Ezie, Uddin, & Heller, 2017). This is because age-related differences in neural variability likely reflect important developmental processes, including the degree of efficiency, specialization, and experience-based plasticity (e.g., pruning) in neural circuits across age (Casey, 2015;Durston et al., 2006). Emotion regulation presents itself as a particularly important skill to be assessed in a developmental neural variability framework because it exhibits protracted maturation and is critical for wellbeing (Cole & Deater-Deckard, 2009;Gross, 2015;McLaughlin, Garrard, & Somerville, 2015). However, virtually all developmental neuroimaging studies of emotion regulation to date have concentrated on age-related differences in the magnitude of brain activity across individuals, and have ignored how variability within individuals during emotion regulation differs across development. The present study sought to address this knowledge gap by investigating how within-subject variability in neural activity during emotion regulation-both spatial and temporal-is ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spatial and Temporal Cortical Variability Track with Age and Affective Experience During Emotion Regulation in Youth

Moreira

McLaughlin

Silvers

2018

Preprint

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“…By using interspecies functional correlation analysis in conjunction with a naturalistic visual stimulus, Mantini and colleagues (2012) were able to identify functional homologies across primate species without assuming anatomical correspondence. The same logic can be used to compare neural entrainment to a naturalistic stimulus across populations, such as between autistic patients and controls (Hasson et al, 2009;Salmi et al, 2014) or over the course of development (Cantlon and Li, 2013;Campbell et al, 2015;Petroni et al, 2018;Piazza et al, 2018).…”

Section: Applications Of Isc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlation

Nastase

Gazzola

Hasson

et al. 2019

Preprint

100

209

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Our capacity to jointly represent information about the world underpins our social experience. By leveraging one individual's brain activity to model another's, we can measure shared information across brains-even in dynamic, naturalistic scenarios where an explicit response model may be unobtainable.Introducing experimental manipulations allows us to measure, for example, shared responses between speakers and listeners, or between perception and recall. In this tutorial, we develop the logic of intersubject correlation (ISC) analysis and discuss the family of neuroscientific questions that stem from this approach. We also extend this logic to spatially distributed response patterns and functional network estimation. We provide a thorough and accessible treatment of methodological considerations specific to ISC analysis, and outline best practices.

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“…Studies of neural similarity during child development are also emerging. When studying between-subject measures of EEG signal during naturalistic viewing, Petroni et al showed that intersubject correlations (ISCs) of evoked-responses in participants ages 5-44 years decreased with age, and also, that males generally had lower ISCs relative to females (Petroni et al, 2018). In other words, neural variability across subjects in these longer time courses decreased with age.…”

Section: Connectome Stability and Similarity As Developmental Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

Vanderwal

Eilbott²,

Kelly

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Patterns of functional connectivity are unique at the individual level, enabling test-retest matching algorithms to identify a subject from among a group using only their functional connectome. Recent findings show that accuracies of these algorithms in children increase with age. Relatedly, the persistence of functional connectivity (FC) patterns across tasks and rest also increases with age. This study investigated the hypothesis that within-subject stability and between-subject similarity of the whole-brain pediatric connectome are developmentally relevant outcomes. Using data from 210 help-seeking children and adolescents, ages 6-21 years (Healthy Brain Network Biobank), we computed whole-brain FC matrices for each participant during two different movies (MovieDM and MovieTP) and two runs of taskfree rest (all from a single scan session) and fed these matrices to a test-retest matching algorithm. We replicated the finding that matching accuracies for children are low (18-44%) relative to previous work in adults and found that cross-state and cross-movie accuracies for children were the lowest. Next, we calculated three measures of connectome stability for each subject: cross-rest (Rest1-Rest2), cross-state (Rest1-MovieDM), and cross-movie (MovieDM-MovieTP), and three measures of within-state betweensubject connectome similarity for Rest1, MovieDM, and MovieTP. We show that all six measures of stability and similarity are correlated, but that these measures are not related to age. A principal component analysis of these measures yielded two components that were used to test for brain-behavior correlations with IQ, general psychopathology, and a social skills measure (n=119). The first component was significantly correlated with the social skills measure (r=-0.27, p=0.003) and overall psychiatric scores (r=-0.239, p=0.009). Post hoc correlations showed that cross-rest stability was correlated with both social skills (p=0.0007) and general psychopathology (p=0.001). Connectome similarity during MovieDM was also correlated with social skills (p=0.0026). These findings suggest that the stability and similarity of the whole-brain connectome relate to overall brain development, and in particular, to those regions that support social cognition. We infer that the development of the functional connectome simultaneously achieves patterns of FC that are distinct at the individual subject level, that are shared across individuals, and that are persistent across states and across runs-features which presumably combine to optimize neural processing during development. Future longitudinal work could reveal the developmental trajectories of stability and similarity of the connectome.

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The Variability of Neural Responses to Naturalistic Videos Change with Age and Sex

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Spatial and Temporal Cortical Variability Track with Age and Affective Experience During Emotion Regulation in Youth

Spatial and Temporal Cortical Variability Track with Age and Affective Experience During Emotion Regulation in Youth

Measuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlation

Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

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