The variability of Venturia inaequalis CKE. races in the Czech republic and the accumulation of resistance genes in apple germplasm

Abstract

The growing of resistant apple varieties against the scab, impacts the Venturia inaequalis CKE. races development that can overcome the resistance. For this reason the main breeders object is to cumulate the different genetic mechanisms of resistance against this disease. Presented in this paper is the first genetic study of monosporic isolates in the Czech Republic. By means of RAPD and UPGMA methods which characterised the variability of 10 monosporic isolates from different localities and apple varieties. The monosporic isolate derived from the resistant genotype (Vf gene) proved a 79% genetic similarity with the isolate derived from sensitive variety Top Red. The genetic similarity of other isolates did not prove the dependence either on a locality or a host variety. The Vf and Vm genes accumulation in apple germplasm by means of specific PCR markers was studied. It was confirmed that Vf gene donors are always heterozygous. Concurrently it was statistically confirmed that the donor of Vm gene (OR-45-T-132) is heterozygous, too. The accumulation of Vf and Vm major genes against the scab was validated in 25% of seedlings of the cross.

Alleles controlling apple skin colour and incompatibility in new Czech apple varieties with different degrees of resistance against Venturia inaequalis CKE.

“…Heterozygous constitution Vfvf was found in all of the resistant genotypes. Dominant homozygous constitution VfVf was not described in any Czech apple variety (Vejl et al 1993, Melounová et al 2004. Varieties James Grieve Red, Jantar, Šampion and Sparjon are susceptible and show recessive homozygous constitution of Vf gene.…”

“…The result of PCR markering in varieties Angold, Jonalord, Julia, Karmína, Klára, Melodie, Nabella, Otava, Rajka, Rosana, Vanda and Zuzana corresponds with the evaluation according to Vejl et al (1993). The Vm gene is another possibility of breeding apple varieties with monogenic vertical resistance against the apple scab (Cheng et al 1998, Melounová et al 2004. The important donor of Vm gene (OR 45 T 132) was not found in any of the assessed new Czech varieties.…”

“…Tartarini et al (1999) described the co-dominant PCR marker of Vf gene detection. Vejl et al (2003) and Melounová et al (2004) evaluated the Czech apple varieties collection by PCR method.…”

Assessment of nutritional parameters of native apple cultivars as new gene sources

“…not only their resistance to diseases but also some -until now -unknown and not described possibilities of a unique technological utilisation and specifi c taste and other sensory properties (Monschein et al, 2006). Although it is necessary to consider some diff erences in their chemical composition, resulting from the year of harvest and infl uenced by the locality (Little and Tailor, 1981), it can be said that local varieties are well adapted to local climatic conditions (Melounová et al, 2004). It is also known that there are only slight diff erences in the contents of individual chemical compounds when comparing individual varieties and that they are determined by the genetic uniqueness of each of them (Goland and Bauer, 2004).…”

Bazı Kiraz Anaçlarının Genetik Akrabalık İlişkilerinin RAPD Moleküler Markır Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

“…Yirmi adet kiraz anacı genotipinin benzerliklerinin belirlenmesinde 16 adet RAPD primeri (Meleunova ve ark., 2004;Tenzer ve Gessler, 1997;Tenzer ve Gessler, 1999;Sierotzki ve ark., 1994) kullanılmış olup, PCR bileşenleri toplam hacim 15 μl olacak şekilde 2 μl DNA (20 ng), 1.5μl 10xPCR Buffer, 0.2 μl Taq DNA polymerase (5u/μL), 1 μl dNTP (2.5mM), 1.5μl MgCl 2 (25 mM), 2 μl 10 mM RAPD primer 6.8 μl H 2 O olarak hazırlanmıştır. PCR koşulları, 94 o C 3 dk başlangıç denaturasyonun ardından 35 döngüde 94 o C 1 dk, 38 o C 45 sn, 72 o C 2 dk ve daha sonra final uzama için 72 o C 10 dk olarak kullanmıştır.…”