The variation in composition of ultramafic rocks and the effect on their suitability for carbon dioxide sequestration by mineralization following acid leaching

Abstract

Carbon dioxide capture and storage by mineralization has been proposed as a possible technology to contribute to the reduction of global CO 2 levels. A main candidate as a feed material, to supply Mg cations for combination with CO 2 to form carbonate, is the family of ultramafi c rocks, Mgrich silicate rocks with a range of naturally occurring mineralogical compositions. A classifi cation scheme is described and a diagram is proposed to display the full range of both fresh and altered ultramafi c rock compositions. This is particularly for the benefi t of technologists to raise the awareness of the variation in possible feedstock materials. A systematic set of acid leaching experiments, in the presence of recyclable ammonium bisulphate, has been carried out covering the range of ultramafi c rock compositions. The results show that lizardite serpentinite releases the most Mg with 78% removed after 1 h, while an olivine rock (dunite) gave 55% and serpentinized peridotites intermediate values. Antigorite serpentinite only released 40% and pyroxene-and amphibole-rich rocks only 25%, showing they are unsuitable for the acid leaching method used. This wide variation in rock compositions highlights the necessity for accurate mineralogical characterization of potential resources and for technologists to be aware of the impact of feed material variations on process effi ciency and development. Th e basis of the process is to extract divalent cations (in this case Mg) from a feed material and combine these with CO 2 to form a stable carbonate mineral,This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifi cations or adaptations are made.

Chromium- and nickel-rich micas and associated minerals in listvenite from the Muránska Zdychava, Slovakia: products of hydrothermal metasomatic transformation of ultrabasic rock

“…The geochemistry and the alteration trends of the listvenites from Muránska Zdychava are generally comparable to the hydrothermal-metasomatic transformation in some other occurrences of listvenitized ultrabasic rocks (e.g., Hovorka et al 1985;Akbulut et al 2006;Styles et al 2014;Figs 8-9 3.752 0.035 5.123 0.004 0.010 8.076 17.000 pentlandite The crystallochemical formulae are calculated on the basis of 2 atoms (analyses 9-13), 3 atoms (1-8; 20-23), 7 atoms (15-19), 17 atoms (26-27), and 1 S atom (24)(25) 1978): (1) basic to ultrabasic rocks of the gabbro-peridotite formation with characteristic Fe, Mn and Ti enrichment and (2) ultrabasic rocks of the peridotite formation with elevated Mg, Cr and Ni contents, and lower Si and alkalis compared with (1). Absence of ilmenite and presence of chromite as well as Ni-Co sulphide minerals (sensu Hovorka 1978; enable to assign the protolith of the Muránska Zdychava listvenite to the ultrabasic rocks of the peridotite formation.…”

Acid-dissolution of antigorite, chrysotile and lizardite for ex situ carbon capture and storage by mineralisation

“…antigorite [Krevor and Lackner, 2011;Maroto-Valer et al, 2004;Park and Fan, 2004 and references therein]; lizardite [Daval et al, 2013;Sanna et al, 2013;Schulze et al, 2004;Wolf et al, 2004]; or chrysotile [Ryu et al, 2011;Rozalen et al, 2013]. Only a few have utilized two types of serpentine, lizardite and antigorite [O'Connor et al, 2002;Styles et al, 2014], and three or more have never been investigated under the same processing conditions, preventing a realistic comparison of the effects of mineral structure and composition on cation release; i.e. the first step in the CCSM process.…”

“…The degree of structural break-up and hence the quantity of metal cations released, controls the extent of subsequent carbonation and thus the overall efficiency of this technological reaction. Previous research indicated that polymorphic and polytypic complexity of serpentine minerals may strongly influence mineral reactivity, but the underpinning reaction mechanisms are poorly understood [O'Connor et al, 2002;Styles et al, 2014;Yoo et al, 2009 and references therein].…”

Geochemical study of ultramafic rocks from Latowu area of North Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi and its implication for CO2 sequestration

“…Therefore it is good potential as raw material in production of silicon carbide (Hirasawa and Horita, 1987). If ex situ mineral carbonation is considered, Styles et al (2014) found out that extraction rate of Mg from lizardite using 1.4M ammonium bisulfate has reached up to 80% after 1 hour. Similarly, Mg extraction from olivine could be gained up to 55%.…”