The Variations in Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditures, and Its Determinants in Iran: A Scoping Review

Hedayati, Maryam; Asl, Iravan Masoudi; Maleki, Mohammadreza; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Goharinezhad, Salime

doi:10.47176/mjiri.37.44

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 104 publications

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“…Policymakers should contemplate protective measures for disadvantaged and vulnerable patients by designing bene t packages and determining the level of cost-sharing by patients. The size of packages for outpatient treatment and impoverished populations should be increased, as well as drug bene ts for patients with chronic illnesses (74).…”

Section: Diagram No 6-estimation Of the Gap Between The Required Nanc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Scenarios for the Iranian Health System Using Dynamic System Modeling

Emami,

Haghdoost,

Ahmadi-Gohari

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Health systems (HSs) are recognized as complex adaptive systems, characterized by unforeseen interactions among their components. The prediction of such behaviors necessitates a systemic-perspective and a comprehensive identification of the dimensions and their interrelationships. In this study, dynamic system modeling was utilized to scrutinize the trends of critical components of Iran’s HS. Methods This study adopted a systems thinking and leveraging a system dynamics approach. The HS of Iran was modeled based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) framework, encompassing four dimensions: population health, service delivery, financing, and development. Subsequently, the parameters influencing cost reduction in the HS were modified to test policy implications over the forthcoming decade (2021–2031) under three scenarios: The data were derived from official Iranian statistics and information sources, as well as pertinent studies in the field. The modeling was executed using Vensim DSS6.4E software. Results By increasing the population, which is projected to reach 90 million by 2031, 35% of this population will be exposed to hazardous factors, putting approximately 32 million individuals at risk. Consequently, it is anticipated that 9 million people will require inpatient services, 43 million will necessitate outpatient services, and 52 million will need diagnostic and pharmaceutical services. In terms of human resources, the demand for physicians within the system by 2031 is projected to be 135,500, indicating a potential shortage of 20,850 physcians over the next decade. The current costs and expenses of the system are estimated at 17,000 trillion rials. Given the projected resource supply in the system in 2031 (7,807 trillion rials), the expenses are expected to exceed the supply, leading to a budget deficit. Conclusions As a result, the demand for medical services is expected to rise. To effectively address the escalating demands of society and improve the current situation, two primary steps must be undertaken. Firstly, strategic planning and interventions need to be enhanced to prevent and reduce the exposure of the population to risk factors. Secondly, infrastructural resources, including manpower, beds, and medical equipment, must be expanded. The model developed facilitates the consideration of changes in key-parameters and the evaluation of their impact on HS.

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Section: Diagram No 6-estimation Of the Gap Between The Required Nanc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Scenarios for the Iranian Health System Using Dynamic System Modeling

Emami,

Haghdoost,

Ahmadi-Gohari

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Self-management in Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCCs): A Qualitative Content Analysis

Sadeghi,

Mohammadi Shahbolaghi,

Hosseini

et al. 2024

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: The growing population of older adults and the prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) among them present significant challenges in care and treatment. Self-management is an effective approach to managing the consequences of MCCs. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the psychosocial and biological factors related to self-management among older adults with MCCs. Methods: This qualitative study employed a content analysis approach from June to April 2023 in hospitals and universities in Tehran. The sample consisted of 26 participants, including older adults with MCCs, family caregivers, and specialists. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was used, and continued until data saturation was achieved. The rigor of the study was evaluated using the Lincoln and Guba criteria, and analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection using the Elo and Kyngäs methods. Results: The final analysis identified several factors affecting self-management. A total of 697 semantic units and 336 codes were categorized into 13 subcategories and 4 main categories. These categories included: Individual factors (biological factors, cognitive factors, coexisting diseases, mental health, economic status, health-oriented behaviors), interpersonal factors (interaction with the medical care team, family relationships), factors related to the health system (facilities of medical centers, staff empowerment, health policymaking), and extra-organizational factors (cultural factors, social factors). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the factors related to self-management in older adults with MCCs, which can be utilized in the design of self-management programs.

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The Variations in Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditures, and Its Determinants in Iran: A Scoping Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 104 publications

Constructing Scenarios for the Iranian Health System Using Dynamic System Modeling

Constructing Scenarios for the Iranian Health System Using Dynamic System Modeling

Self-management in Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCCs): A Qualitative Content Analysis

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