The various levels of integration of chemo- and bio-catalysis towards hybrid catalysis

Abstract

Hybrid catalysis is an emerging concept that combines chemo- and biocatalysts in a wide variety of approaches. Combining the specifications and advantages of multiple disciplines, it is a very promising way to diversify tomorrow's catalysis.

Optimisation of catalysts coupling in multi-catalytic hybrid materials: perspectives for the next revolution in catalysis

“…However, the last two decades have seen a significant surge of interest in multi-catalytic reactions that combine two or more catalysts to benefit from collaborative effects. 3 While catalysts of different natures are very rarely used together as we previously demonstrated, hybrid catalysis, referring to the combination of a chemical catalyst and a biocatalyst, is most likely the most promising type of multicatalytic reactions, offering unprecedented diversity and efficiency, as evidenced by the reports published over the last few years. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Still, this approach remains most complex to implement, calling on expertise from different fields (chemistry, biology, materials science, etc.).…”

“…However, this discipline dates back to the very early 2000s and saw its growth take off only in the 2010s. 3 Second, even more than that of hybrid catalysis using separate catalyst coupling, the realisation of MCHMs requires a particularly diverse range of knowledge and skills. For example, one has to have a good knowledge and understanding of combined chemical and biological catalytic systems, in particular of their sensitivities and tolerances, as the proximity between these systems increases the likelihood of crosspoisoning and cross-inhibition.…”

“…46,47 As these often exhibit new catalytic properties of their own, linked to the presence of additional steric and especially electronic effects, we can assume that they will pave the way for a whole new generation of MCHMs with abilities and reaction conditions radically different from those presented here, thus multiplying even more the scope of possibilities of this young discipline. 3 Priority should therefore be given to promoting communication and collaboration between chemists and biologists, whose current concerns are still quite far apart (with some reluctance on the part of biologists towards chemistry and vice versa). Indeed, there is now a consensus that future innovations will benefit from an intensification of interdisciplinary research efforts.…”

“…Historically, chemical and biological catalysts have been used in sequential processes and isolated in separate steps often separated by a purification step. These processes, which can be described as two-pots/two-steps (2P2S), 3 are particularly costly in terms of atoms and energy and do not have the advantages offered by hybrid catalysis or even those of multi-catalytic reactions in general. Hybrid catalysis aims to integrate catalysts in one and the same reactor to maximise their interactions and uses other variants, starting with two-pot/one-step (2P1S) processes.…”

Multicatalytic Hybrid Materials for Biocatalytic and Chemoenzymatic Cascades—Strategies for Multicatalyst (Enzyme) Co-Immobilization

“…Although multi-enzymatic catalysis is facilitated by compatibility and usually similar operational conditions between enzymes, chemoenzymatic cascades are more challenging due to incompatibility issues. On the other hand, chemoenzymatic cascades offer opportunities to combine the strengths of both biocatalysis and the chemocatalysis field, thus broaden possibilities and bringing versatility [20][21][22][23].…”