The Vascular Link Between the Pituitary and the Hypothalamus.

Popa, Gregor T.; Fielding, Una

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)09125-5

Cited by 61 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Here we identify some of the key aspects of VEGF in the nervous system. originates in the superior (or anterior, depending on species) hypophysial artery, which will give rise to a proximal primary capillary plexus between the median eminence and the pituitary stalk from where the long portal vessels arise (218). These portal vessels carry the blood that flows from the brain to the pars distalis (113).…”

Section: Control Of Function In the Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators

Bates

Beazley‐Long

Benest

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins are key regulators of physiological systems. Originally linked with endothelial function, they have since become understood to be principal regulators of multiple tissues, both through their actions on vascular cells, but also through direct actions on other tissue types, including epithelial cells, neurons, and the immune system. The complexity of the five members of the gene family in terms of their different splice isoforms, differential translation, and specific localizations have enabled tissues to use these potent signaling molecules to control how they function to maintain their environment. This homeostatic function of VEGFs has been less intensely studied than their involvement in disease processes, development, and reproduction, but they still play a substantial and significant role in healthy control of blood volume and pressure, interstitial volume and drainage, renal and lung function, immunity, and signal processing in the peripheral and central nervous system. The widespread expression of VEGFs in healthy adult tissues, and the disturbances seen when VEGF signaling is inhibited support this view of the proteins as endogenous regulators of normal physiological function. This review summarizes the evidence and recent breakthroughs in understanding of the physiology that is regulated by VEGF, with emphasis on the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:955-979, 2018.

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Section: Control Of Function In the Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators

Bates

Beazley‐Long

Benest

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…Although the cause of the false negative results remains unknown it should be noted that pituitary venous blood may not exclusively drain into the inferior petrosal sinuses. Some studies have suggested that an additional drainage exists via the portal sinuses ascending in the pituitary stalk into the hypothalamus (17)(18)(19)(20). Possibly, drainage over these sinuses may lead to false negative results of IPS sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult eutopic Cushing's syndrome--failure of simultaneous bilateral petrosal sinus sampling to diagnose pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome

Heppner

Becker²,

Saeger³

et al. 1997

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Simultaneous bilateral inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling has been repeatedly proposed to be a highly specific approach for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease and 100% sensitivity in detecting autonomous pituitary ACTH secretion by an adenoma has been reported in a large series. We now report on a patient suffering from ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome in whom repeated bilateral IPS sampling failed to detect a central/peripheral gradient diagnostic for autonomous pituitary ACTH secretion during initial evaluation. Applying lysine vasopressin as the corticotroph secretatogue, the maximum central/peripheral gradient was 1.0 before and 1.1 following stimulation. Moreover, results of high dose dexamethasone and corticotrophin releasing hormone administration suggested ectopic ACTH secretion. Since thorough diagnostic procedures failed to localise a suspected carcinoid tumour, occult ectopic Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed. Eight years later, a pituitary macroadenoma was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IPS catheterisation then revealed a maximal central/ peripheral gradient of 9.3 before and 20.4 after the intravenous administration of lysine vasopressin. Resected tumour tissue was classified as a typical densely granulated ACTH cell adenoma. We conclude that repeated MRI scans should be included in the follow-up of patients with a diagnosis of occult ectopic Cushing's syndrome to avoid the risk of overlooking 'occult eutopic Cushing's syndrome'. European Journal of Endocrinology 137 74-78

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“…2). These latter vessels were first described by Popa andFielding (1930, 1933), and later by Wislocki and King (1936), and Green and Harris (1947). Small arterial twigs from the internal carotid arteries supply a rich vascular plexus between the pars tuberalis and median eminence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Harris¹

1948

BMJ

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The Vascular Link Between the Pituitary and the Hypothalamus.

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators

Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators

Occult eutopic Cushing's syndrome--failure of simultaneous bilateral petrosal sinus sampling to diagnose pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

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