The Vedanta Philosophy and the Doctrine of Maya

Radhakrishnan, S.

doi:10.1086/206851

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This latter meaning is thought to have evolved during the many centuries over which the Védas were composed. Radhakrishnan (1914) argues that whereas early Vedas expressed an animistic polytheism, there emerged a philosophical and spiritual urge to identify a unifying principle beneath the flux of multiplicity and change. This principle became referred to as Brahman, which Ho defines (1995) as the "ubiquitous, absolute, formless, immaterial, immutable" ground of everything that exists (p. 124).…”

Section: The Sacredmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of spirituality: A cross-cultural lexical analysis.

Lomas

2019

Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

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The notion of spirituality is increasingly prominent in academic and cultural discourse alike. However, it remains a nebulous concept, capable of diverse interpretations, particularly crossculturally. In the interest of exploring this diversity, yet also with the aim of identifying common themes, an enquiry was conducted into conceptualizations of spirituality across cultures. Specifically, the enquiry focused on so-called untranslatable words, i.e., which lack an exact equivalent in another language (in this case, English). Through a quasi-systematic search, together with conceptual snowballing, over 200 relevant terms were located. A grounded theory analysis identified three key dimensions: the sacred, contemplative practice, and self-transcendence. Based on these, a conceptualization of spirituality was formulated that may be valid cross-culturally, namely: engagement with the sacred, usually through contemplative practice, with the ultimate aim of self-transcendence.

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Section: The Sacredmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of spirituality: A cross-cultural lexical analysis.

Lomas

2019

Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

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“…There are studies that suggest that the Bhagavad Gita summarizes the key themes of the Upanishads and various other Hindu texts [ 153 – 155 ]. The Bhagavad Gita along with the Upanishads and the Brahma Sutras is known as the Prasthanatrayi [ 156 – 160 ], literally meaning the three points of departure [ 156 ], or the three sources [ 158 ] ), which makes the three foundational texts of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy [ 15 , 16 , 154 , 155 , 161 ]. Sargeant et al [ 153 ] stated that the Bhagavad Gita is the summation of the Vedanta.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial intelligence for topic modelling in Hindu philosophy: Mapping themes between the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita

Chandra

Ranjan

2022

PLoS ONE

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The Upanishads are known as one of the oldest philosophical texts in the world that form the foundation of Hindu philosophy. The Bhagavad Gita is the core text of Hindu philosophy and is known as a text that summarises the key philosophies of the Upanishads with a major focus on the philosophy of karma. These texts have been translated into many languages and there exist studies about themes and topics that are prominent; however, there is not much done using language models which are powered by deep learning. In this paper, we use advanced language models such as BERT to provide topic modelling of the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. We then map those topics of the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads since it is well known that Bhagavad Gita summarizes the key messages in the Upanishads. We also analyse the distinct and overlapping topics amongst the texts and visualise the link of selected texts of the Upanishads with the Bhagavad Gita. Our results show very high similarity between the topics of these two texts with the mean cosine similarity of 73%. We find that out of the fourteen topics extracted from the Bhagavad Gita, nine of them have a cosine similarity of more than 70% with the topics of the Upanishads. We also find that topics generated by the BERT-based models show very high coherence when compared to the conventional models. Our best-performing model gives a coherence score of 73% on the Bhagavad Gita and 69% on the Upanishads. The visualization of the low-dimensional embeddings of these texts shows very clear overlapping themes among their topics adding another level of validation to our results.

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“…The study first examines the key spatio-temporal concepts in the Vedantic thought that can enable this discussion on AR. These illustrative concepts are maya , siddhi , avataar and divya drishti (Campbell, 1972; Malinar, 2011; O’Flaherty, 1980, 1981; Radhakrishnan, 1914, 1923/1996). These are all considered here as illustrative of the hyper-real, a point reached beyond high modality (HM) tending towards lower modalities (LM) as against a concept of the real tending specifically towards high modality (HM).…”

Section: Comparative Approach To the “Hyper-real” In Vedantic Systems And Post-modern Conceptualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An individual’s spiritual growth or yogic ability depends on this understanding of the manifest world to differentiate between “reality” and the “hyper-real”. The concept of maya according to Radhakrishnan (1914, p. 431), one of the early scholars on Indian philosophy, appears to signify the illusory character of the finite world. This, he points out, is not part of the cosmological view of the Vedas and early Upanishads where the universe was considered as “real”.…”

Section: Comparative Approach To the “Hyper-real” In Vedantic Systems And Post-modern Conceptualizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vedantic applications of augmented reality for strategic social marketing campaigns in India

Joshi

2018

JIBR

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Purpose Social outreach campaigns such as mainstream commercial marketing campaigns are drawn to digital communication practices for increased visibility, speed and recall. This paper aims to highlight the usefulness and application of augmented reality (AR) technologies and proposes a change-driven usage of the AR environments for social marketing. Design/methodology/approach Paradigmatic structural analysis is used to extract the underlying schematic forms. A multimodal analytic approach is used to propose the conceptual framework. Findings AR is defined vis-à-vis conceptualizations of reality and hyper-reality from the Vedantic philosophical texts and treatises. The study examines and demonstrates an earlier version of AR expression in ancient times in the use of spatio-temporal constructs and their degrees of modality. It derives a conceptual schema based on AR resonant applications in narratives from the Vedantic literature. Based on these, the study highlights the persuasive appeal and co-creative potential of these illustrative examples to recommend marketing communication strategies for social outreach campaigns. Research limitations/implications The analysis recognizes a conceptual bridge between human extra-sensory/transcendental ability and contemporary technology. This study identifies five propositional structures (PS). It opens up the field of social marketing research to alternative methodologies such as multimodal analysis. Practical implications While most of contemporary AR usage is in commercial marketing, this study has derived specific guiding principles/propositional structures. These can be applied to create specific virtual environments that can simulate and demonstrate desirable societal outcomes and behaviours. As newer technologies permit further and more futuristic design interventions, developers could experiment with transitional states to impact behaviours, with implications for experimental layering of information. Originality/value This study responds to a call for innovative design interventions in the field of social marketing. Its originality lies in its use of the Vedantic framework which has not been explored in this direction elsewhere.

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The Vedanta Philosophy and the Doctrine of Maya

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The dynamics of spirituality: A cross-cultural lexical analysis.

The dynamics of spirituality: A cross-cultural lexical analysis.

Artificial intelligence for topic modelling in Hindu philosophy: Mapping themes between the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita

Vedantic applications of augmented reality for strategic social marketing campaigns in India

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