The velocity of blood flow in health and disease as measured by the effect of histamine on the minute vessels

Weiss, Soma; Robb, George; Blumgart, Hermann L.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(29)90550-0

Cited by 76 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since but a short period of time is required to perform the test, rapid variations in respiratory function can be detected. It was noted, however, that to do a series of vital capacity measurements in some asthmatic 1 This work was supported in part by a grant from the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. patients was not an easy procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Histamine on the Respiratory Tract in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects 1

Curry

1946

J. Clin. Invest.

234

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While investigating the systemic effects of histamine in man, Weiss and his co-workers (1, 2) observed that the intravenous injection of histamine frequently precipitated asthmatic-like attacks in patients with asthma. They also noted that it decreased the vital capacity of 'patients with bronchial or cardiac asthma, bronchitis or emphysema. The details of these disturbances were not reported. In view of the recent interest in antihiistaninie preparations, it appeared worth-while to study more thoroughly the effects of histamine oni the respiratory tract in man. METHODSHistamine was administered to 3 groups of subjects in whom the degree of bronchoconstriction. was assayed chiefly by recording the measurement of the vital capacity. The first group was comprised of 10 normal subjects. The second group included 10 patients who had a history of severe allergic disturbances, including in some a history of asthma, but who were asymptomatic at the time of observation. The third group was made up of 9 patients with varying degrees of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma. An attempt was made to include in this group young, adult patients with uncomplicated conitinuous asthma, and to exclude patients who because of language or other difficulties could not perform the vital capacity tests without marked unaccountable variations.Because of seasonal and other variations known to occur in asthmatic patients, one patient, B. R., a 28-yearold, single female with chronic asthma, was studied several times during the course of a 10 month period. Through training, she became an extraordinarily reliable subject, and was used for the majority of the observations. We are grateful to her for her cooperation. The other subjects were helpful mainly in confirming and enlarging the information obtained from patient B. R. Although several methods (3 to 6) have been advocated for the study of respiratory function in asthma, the determination of the vital capacity was one of thlefirst, and is simple and fairly reliable. Since but a short period of time is required to perform the test, rapid variations in respiratory function can be detected. It was noted, however, that to do a series of vital capacity measurements in some asthmatic 1 This work was supported in part by a grant from the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. patients was not an easy procedure. This was due not only to fatigue, but also to coughing spells precipitated by forced expiration, especially in patients with bronchitis.A Standard Benedict Roth Metabolism Apparatus was used for the vital capacity measurements, which were recorded on a smoked drum revolving at a speed of 34 cm. a minute with a signal magnet marking 1 second intervals. By this method the slope of the expiratory curve, as well as its volume, could be studied, and bronchoconstriction distinguished from failure to perform the test with a maximal effort. While theoretically the reduction in vital capacity could be due either to bronchospasm or to edema formation, the rapidity of the changes found in this st...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Histamine on the Respiratory Tract in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects 1

Curry

1946

J. Clin. Invest.

234

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“…The cardiac output was measured by the acetylene method (20), and the basal metabolism by oxygen consumption. The histamine method was used for determining the circulation time (21). Skin temperatures were measured by a thermocouple.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISM OF THE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY PAREDRINOL (α-N-DIMETHYL-p-HYDROXYPHENETHYLAMINE

Stead¹,

Kunkel²

1939

J. Clin. Invest.

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In arterial hypertension the cardiac output, the metabolic rate, and the usual blood chemical constituents are essentially normal. Experimental hypertension in man, however, is usually attended by alterations in some of these measurements. Epinephrine produces hypertension in normal subjects, but at the same time it usually increases the heart rate and cardiac output. It elevates the basal metabolism, the blood flow in the muscles, the blood sugar and the blood lactic acid, and also causes great vasoconstriction in the skin vessels. This hypertension is therefore in no way comparable to that observed in disease. The study to be reported indicates that in normal subjects paredrinol sulphate 1 (a-N-dimethyl-p-hydroxyphenethylamine sulphate) produces a type of hypertension which has many features in common with clinical hypertension. For this reason the circulatory adjustments following the administration of this drug are of particular interest.The pharmacology of paredrinol, a sympathomimetic drug closely allied in structure to ephedrine, has been studied extensively in animals. Rein (1, 2), in an investigation of the action of paredrinol on dogs anesthetized with morphine and pernocton, found that both the arterial pressure and the minute volume output of the heart were elevated. The drug acted first on the venous side of the circulation, and produced a greater venous return to the heart by increasing the venous tone and probably by emptying out the liver. This was followed in a few seconds by a slow increase in arterial tone and, shortly thereafter, by a powerful discharge of blood from the abdominal organs, particularly the spleen. Rein claimed that this intense 'discharge of blood from 1 The paredrinol sulphate used in this study was obtained through the courtesy of the Smith, Kline, and French Laboratories. This drug has been reported in the German literature under the trade names "veritol" and " H 75 " (Knoll).the abdominal venous reservoirs indicated that the main cause for the rise in arterial pressure was an increase in venous return to the heart, rather than an increase in peripheral resistance. He demonstrated that the blood flow in the extremities and in the abdominal viscera was never greatly decreased and at times was increased. Since the drug did not cause blanching when introduced into the human skin, he concluded that the capillaries were not constricted and that the arterial tone was increased in the larger vessels.Heymans and Bayless (3), on the basis of experiments conducted on anesthetized dogs, concluded that the vascular effect of the drug was characterized by slight peripheral vasoconstriction and pronounced splanchnic vasoconstriction. When the physiological reflexes for the proprioceptive regulation of blood pressure were depressed by means of barbiturates, they were not restored by paredrinol, even though the blood pressure was raised. Lindner (4), working with isolated cats'-hearts, demonstrated that paredrinol in concentrations of 1 to 1,000,000 increased the frequency and strength of ...

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“…A decrease in the pulmonary, arm to arm, and arm to tongue circulation times (22,25,34,36) and histamine reaction time (35) has been reported in non-pregnant cases of hyperthyroidism. It has also been reported that the basal metabolic rate is increased in pregnancy (15,52,53,54).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Anemia in non-pregnant individuals has been reported to cause a decrease in the pulmonary, arm to arm, and arm to tongue circulation times (22,30,34) and histamine reaction time (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Circulation in Pregnancy. I. The Velocity of Blood Flow and Related Aspects of the Circulation in Normal Pregnant Women 1

Cohen¹,

Thomson²

1936

J. Clin. Invest.

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The velocity of blood flow in health and disease as measured by the effect of histamine on the minute vessels

Cited by 76 publications

References 11 publications

The Action of Histamine on the Respiratory Tract in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects 1

The Action of Histamine on the Respiratory Tract in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects 1

MECHANISM OF THE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY PAREDRINOL (α-N-DIMETHYL-p-HYDROXYPHENETHYLAMINE

Studies on the Circulation in Pregnancy. I. The Velocity of Blood Flow and Related Aspects of the Circulation in Normal Pregnant Women 1

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