The vertebral column of the Eskimo

Stewart, T. D.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330170119

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Eliminating individuals less than 18 years of age, the frequency of spina bifida in L5s with spondylolysis becomes 12/245 (.049). This compares with an overall L5 spina bifida frequency of 8/217 (.037) (Stewart, 1932). In comparison, three of the 115 (.026) Canadian vertebrae with spondylolysis also had spina bifida.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Apparently Stewart did not include the sacrum in his study because he makes no mention of this unit being involved, despite eight examples of sacral involvement cited by Merbs (1996b) in his study of essentially the same series. In an earlier study, Stewart (1932) mentions one example of cervical (C2-3) involvement in a Pamiute Eskimo from the lower Yukon River area. Although Stewart does not describe this specimen, a check of it disclosed that it does represent true separation through interarticularis on the left side of C3, but a separation that would not have occurred had the left hemi-arches of C2 and C3 not been congenitally fused, causing unusual stress at interarticularis on that side.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from Arctic Canada

Merbs

2002

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Inuit skeletons from archaeological sites in Arctic Canada were examined for the presence of spondylolysis. The largest series represent the Thule culture and historic Inuit from northwest Hudson Bay and Labrador, and Sadlermiut from Southampton Island. The condition was found in 90 individuals, with a total of 120 affected vertebrae producing 198 hemi-arch defect sites.As in other studies, L5 is affected most frequently, followed by L4 and L3, but examples of L1, L2, L6, and S1 involvement are represented. Incomplete separations account for 20% (40) of the 198 defects, and 5% (10) occur at sites other than interarticularis. Affected males outnumber females at a ratio of 2.4 to 1. The condition was found to increase in frequency from adolescence to young adulthood, and then decrease to middle adulthood and decrease again to old adulthood, but the drop in frequency with age in the adult categories is significant only at the .20 level. Where comparisons could be made, the data obtained from the Canadian Inuit closely resemble those obtained from Alaskan Eskimos and Aleuts, especially their closest linguistic relatives, Inupiat speakers in northern Alaska.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from Arctic Canada

Merbs

2002

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…The identification of sex in human skeletal remains an important component of many forensic investigations and should be based on measurements and observations on the entire skeleton to be meaningful 8 . Sacrum is an important bone for identification of sex in human skeletal system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism in Alar Length and Auricular Index of Sacrum

Kamal

Ara

Begum³

et al. 2015

Bangla. J. Anat.

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Context Results: The mean length value of ala was greater in female than male (P<0.001). The difference between the mean value of alar index in male and female was significant (P >0.05). The mean value of auricular index was higher in male than female and the difference was statically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion:The sacrum can be used for sexual dimorphism as is usual in anthropological work. The knowledge of alar length and auricular index of sacrum is essential in medico-legal practice for sex determination of an individual.

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“…With respect to arctic populations, studies of mummies from the Aleutian Islands (Zimmerman et al 1971(Zimmerman et al , 1981, frozen cadavers from Point Barrow (Zimmerman and Aufderheide 1984) and St. Lawrence Island (Zimmerman and Smith 1975), and skeletal remains (eg. Keenleyside 1998;Lobdell 1980;Merbs 1983;Salter 1984;Stewart 1932Stewart , 1979Way 1978) have yielded information on Eskimo and Aleut health prior to contact. However, there have been few investigations aimed at examining temporal changes in disease patterns and the biological impact of European contact on these populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Patterns of Health and Disease Among the Aleuts

Keenleyside¹

2003

Arctic Anthropology

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Abstract. Compared to other regions of North America, there have been relatively few paleopathological studies of arctic populations to date, particularly those aimed at elucidating patterns of health and disease prior to contact, and assessing temporal changes in disease patterns. In the present study, four Aleut skeletal samples representing one pre-contact population from Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands (Nϭ65), and three late pre-contact/early contact period populations from Umnak, Kagamil, and Shiprock Islands (Nϭ227), were examined macroscopically for indicators of health status. The analysis revealed some evidence of declining health in the late pre-contact/early contact period. Statistical comparisons of the earlier and later samples indicated a significantly higher frequency of cribra orbitalia and cranial infection in the later sample compared to the earlier one. Archaeological, epidemiological, and historical data point to several possible explanations for these findings, including the introduction of new pathogens by Europeans.

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The vertebral column of the Eskimo

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from Arctic Canada

Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from Arctic Canada

Sexual Dimorphism in Alar Length and Auricular Index of Sacrum

Changing Patterns of Health and Disease Among the Aleuts

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