The Vertical Drop Jump Is a Poor Screening Test for ACL Injuries in Female Elite Soccer and Handball Players

Abstract

Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.sage.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515625048 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. Background: The evidence linking knee kinematics and kinetics during a vertical drop jump (VDJ) to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is restricted to a single small sample. Still, the VDJ test continues to be advocated for clinical screening purposes.

One Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury is enough!: Focus on female football players

“…Valgus motion is likely controlled by neuromuscular contribution of the entire limb kinetic chain [167]. In contrast with previous findings [57,111], controls in study II had greater knee valgus movement in the frontal plane (measured with DVJ) compared to players with ACLR (median difference of 0.017 m). Current postoperative rehabilitation programs emphasise the importance of landing with toes and knees pointed forward, and minimising knee valgus motion during take-off and landing.…”

“…Previous studies have often used sophisticated laboratory equipment such as the Biodex balance system [167], force plates [48,145,201] and 3D motion analysis [48,57,111]. The tests used in study II may not have been sensitive enough to detect existing between-group differences.…”

“…Recently, large cohorts with female handball and football players with and without ACLR have been prospectively followed to identify risk factors using both clinician-friendly evaluation tools (strength test, SEBT, knee joint laxity, generalised joint laxity and foot pronation) [152], and advanced equipment (3D motion analysis) [111,152]. Nilstad et al [152] and Krosshaug et al [111] did not find that valgus motion in a DVJ was predictive for a knee injury in female elite football and handball players without previous ACL injury and stated that DVJ is a poor screening test for ACL injuries. However, for players with a previous ACL injury, valgus motion in the knee was associated with an increased risk for injury [111].…”

Mapping current research trends on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk against the existing evidence: In vivo biomechanical risk factors

“…The first study [69] collected prospective DVJ data from 708 Norwegian elite female football and handball players and observed 38 non-contact ACL injuries. This has recently been published [70] with 42 non-contact ACL injuries registered and neither KAM, KAA, knee flexion angle and peak GRF predicted ACL injury. The second study involved US military cadets [71], where 117 ACL injuries were observed in males and females from a cohort of 5758 cadets.…”

“…This trend has not been observed in the context of the biomechanical contributors to primary non-contact ACL injury risk. Although, with the publication of new prospective abstracts [69,80] and a large new prospective cohort study [70] more high level of evidence studies are being conducted which is welcome. Yet, additional research efforts are needed.…”