The vibrational spectra of phthalic anhydride

Hase, Yoshiyuki; Davanzo, Celso U.; Kawai, Kiyoyasu; Sala, O.

doi:10.1016/0022-2860(76)85044-2

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For a better comparability, the FT-IR spectra has been normalized to the band at 1047 cm −1 for glycosidic linkage (C–O–C) of cellulose and hemicelluloses [ 38 ]. According to the reported literatures [ 39 , 40 ], the characteristic bands were assigned. The bands at 2900 cm −1 for C–H stretching, 1745 cm −1 for C=O stretching, 1375 cm −1 for C–H bending in –CH 3 and 1240 cm −1 for C–O stretching in ester became stronger in SCB acetate compared with those in the control sample ( Figure 1 a), which was probably due to the introduced acetyl groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanocatalytic Solvent-Free Esterification of Sugarcane Bagasse

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2018

Polymers

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Esterification is a versatile way to produce the derivatives of lignocellulose with developed properties. However, the traditional heterogeneous esterification of lignocellulose suffered from the drawbacks of low efficiency, additional reaction medium and heating. In the present study, an efficient method was developed to produce the functionalized sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by ball milling without any additional solvents and heating. The effects of pulverization time, rotation speed, the kind of linear chain anhydrides, the ratio of anhydrides to SCB, with or without pyridine catalyst and the dosage of catalyst were investigated on weight percent gain (WPG) of SCB esters. The results indicated that the high efficiency of this mechanocatalystic esterification was probably due to the destroyed crystalline structure and the promoted penetration of the esterifying reagent onto SCB bulk caused by ball milling. The maximum WPG of SCB acetate, propionate and butyrate reached 33.3%, 33.6% and 32.4%, respectively. The physicochemical structure of the esterified SCB was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), solid state cross-polarized magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The direct evidence of the esterification occurrence was provided with FT-IR and solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR. The thermal stability of SCB increased upon the mechanocatalytic esterification. The results implied that the relatively homogeneous modification was achieved with this semi-homogeneous esterification method by ball milling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanocatalytic Solvent-Free Esterification of Sugarcane Bagasse

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2018

Polymers

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“…The chemical changes of sugarcane bagasse during homogeneous chemical modification were monitored using FT-IR analysis. Peak assignments were according to the literature. , As shown in Figure , the intensity of the O–H bond signal in lignin and polysaccharides at 3420 cm –1 reduced with the increase of WPG from 5.58% to 126%, indicating the substitution of OH group by phthalic group. The peak at 1735 cm –1 was associated with the CO bond of acetyl group from hemicellulose for unmodified sugarcane bagasse.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peak assignments were according to literatures 19,20 . As shown in Figure 2, the intensity of O-H bond signal in lignin and polysaccharides at 3420 cm -1 reduced with the increase of WPG from 5.58% to 126%, indicating the substitution of O-H group by phthalic group.…”

Section: Ft-ir Studies Of the Modified Sugarcane Bagassementioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Sugarcane Bagasse into Bioplastics via Homogeneous Modification with Phthalic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid

Chen

Shi

2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The major challenges for directly converting lignocellulosic biomass into available materials in place of synthetic polymer materials are the complex chemical-physical structure and the narrow processing windows of the resources. In the present study, homogeneous chemical modification of sugarcane bagasse with phthalic anhydride was taken to be an improved strategy to meet the challenges. FT-IR and liquid-state NMR spectra confirmed the chemical structure of the sugarcane bagasse phthalates. Sugarcane bagasse phthalates with weight percentage gain higher than 32.9% were readily dissolved in organic solvents, and film materials were prepared by solution casting from the sugarcane bagasse phthalates. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry was applied to study the thermal behaviors of the sugarcane bagasse phthalates. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and tensile testing were applied to study the morphologies and mechanical properties of the films. The results indicated that sugarcane bagasse was plasticized by homogeneous chemical modification with phthalic anhydride.

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“…For convenience, we begin with a brief presentation of the most important IR active modes (Figure ) of phthalic anhydride, as relevant to this investigation using published data and assignments for spectra of the polycrystalline solid . A band at 714 cm -1 , polarized perpendicular to the planar aromatic molecule, is assigned to the in-phase, out-of-plane bending mode (γ C - H ) of the four hydrogen atoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anhydride Ring Chemistry at a Metal Surface

et al. 1998

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The adsorption of phthalic anhydride on clean and oxygen predosed Cu{110} surfaces has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the temperature range 95−300 K. Further characterization of the adsorbed species and its thermal stability on these surfaces has been obtained from thermal desorption measurements. A variety of species are produced on the clean surface including the parent molecule, one in which the anhydride ring has been cleaved and one following the loss of a CO unit which is the stable form at room temperature. In the presence of oxygen, CO loss is prevented and, instead, a phthalate species is formed. Infrared spectroscopy is ideally suited to identify these species and their orientation, which varies both with coverage and temperature in a complex manner. Thermal breakdown of the molecule occurs above 530 K on the clean surface to produce a variety of gas-phase products including benzene. The breakdown occurs at a somewhat higher temperature (585 K) in the case of the oxygen-predosed surface and leads to an explosive release of the products into the gas phase.

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The vibrational spectra of phthalic anhydride

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanocatalytic Solvent-Free Esterification of Sugarcane Bagasse

Mechanocatalytic Solvent-Free Esterification of Sugarcane Bagasse

Transforming Sugarcane Bagasse into Bioplastics via Homogeneous Modification with Phthalic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid

Anhydride Ring Chemistry at a Metal Surface

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