The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: Method of Construction

Eisen, Seth A.; True, William R.; Goldberg, Jack; Henderson, William G.; Robinette, C. D.

doi:10.1017/s0001566000004591

Cited by 230 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

184

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A complete description of the registry's construction (Eisen et al 1987 ;Henderson et al 1990) and method of determining zygosity have been previously reported (Eisen et al 1989).…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders." Psychological Medicine. 35,3. 409-419. (2004 ABSTRACTBackground. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with failed smoking cessation and thus contributes to continuance of the habit and increases risk of smoking-related illnesses. Withdrawal is also associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and alcoholism. However, relatively little is known about how to characterize the severity of withdrawal, including whether withdrawal subtypes exist in male smokers. If so, do these subtypes represent quantitative or qualitative differences ?

show abstract

“…A complete description of the registry's construction (Eisen et al 1987 ;Henderson et al 1990) and method of determining zygosity have been previously reported (Eisen et al 1989).…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combat severity was assessed using a standard 18-item combat exposure measure 42 . Complete descriptions of the development and characteristics of the VET Registry have appeared elsewhere 43,44 . All subjects had previously participated in a larger twin study of PTSD at our laboratory; a full description of the recruitment strategy appears elsewhere 45 .…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In animals, exposure to severe stress can damage the hippocampus. Recent human studies show smaller hippocampal volume in individuals with the stress-related psychiatric condition posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Does this represent the neurotoxic effect of trauma, or is smaller hippocampal volume a pre-existing condition that renders the brain more vulnerable to the development of pathological stress responses? In monozygotic twins discordant for trauma exposure, we found evidence that smaller hippocampi indeed constitute a risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology. Disorder severity in PTSD patients who were exposed to trauma was negatively correlated with the hippocampal volume of both the patients and the patients' trauma-unexposed identical co-twin. Furthermore, severe PTSD twin pairs-both the trauma-exposed and unexposed members-had significantly smaller hippocampi than non-PTSD pairs.Animal research has provided compelling evidence that exposure to severe and chronic stress can damage the hippocampal formation 1,2 , a region best known for its role in declarative memory 3,4 . Such studies point to a neurotoxic role for corticosteroids, elevated levels of which cause atrophy and/or cell death in hippocampal neurons. This has led to the proposal that a similar process may occur in humans, and thereby mediate specific stressrelated disease processes. Of particular relevance is the psychiatric condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a constellation of disabling behavioral and emotional symptoms that occur in some individuals who experience severe psychological trauma such as combat, sexual abuse or natural disaster. Indeed, several structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies report smaller hippocampal volume in patients diagnosed with chronic, unremitting forms of PTSD [5][6][7][8] . These results have generated intense interest Correspondence should be addressed to M.W.G. (mark.gilbertson@med.va.gov). Note: Supplementary information is available on the Nature Neuroscience website. Competing interests statementThe authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. regarding a potential pathogenesis for this disorder, and they raise the possibility that psychological trauma may in fact induce neurological damage in humans. NIH Public AccessControversy exists, however, over the nature and source of smaller hippocampal volume in PTSD 9-12 . The fundamental question at the heart of this controversy is whether volumetric differences represent the consequence of traumatic exposure or a pre-existing trait that predisposes people to pathological stress reactions to a traumatic event. This latter formulation is consistent with the fact that only some individuals exposed to trauma go on to develop PTSD 13,14 . The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study 13 , for example, has estimated the prevalence of PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans to be 30.6%. Furthermore, animal research shows that inherited variations in hippocampal size can influence behav...

show abstract

“…(APA, 1980(APA, , 1987(APA, , 1994. Datasets VA = Veterans Affairs, NCS = National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al, 1994), BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Remington et al, 1988), VET Registry = Vietnam Era Twin Registry (Eisen et al, 1987), Boston Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (Bosse et al, 1984), NWS = National Women's Study . Smoking, PTSD, and Trauma Measures HRA = Health Risk Appraisal (HRA; University of Michigan, 1996), FTND = Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton et al, 1991), FTQ = Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (Fagerstrom, 1978), K-SADS-PL = Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children -Present and Lifetime version (Kaufman et al, 1997), DIS = Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS; Robins et al, 1981), Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (Winters, 1991), CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; World Health Organization Version 1.0), modified Smoking Withdrawal Questionnaire (Shiffman & Jarvik, 1976), RFS = Reasons for Smoking questionnaire (Ikard et al, 1969), SCID = Structured Clinical Interview (Spitzer & Williams, 1989), ADIS = Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (DiNardo et al, 1983), ADIS-IV = Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (Brown et al, 1994), CAPS = Clinician Administered PTSD scale (Blake et al, 1995), PCL-C = PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (Weathers & Ford, 1996), PDS = Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (Foa, 1995), CTS = Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus, Clin Psychol Rev.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Feldner¹,

Babson²,

Zvolensky³

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

233

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current review critically examines the extant empirical literature focused on the associations among cigarette smoking, trauma, and posttraumatic stress. Inspection of the extant literature suggests smoking rates are significantly higher among persons exposed to a traumatic event relative to those without such exposure. Moreover, smoking rates appear particularly high among persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In terms of the direction of this relation, evidence most clearly suggests posttraumatic stress is involved in the development of smoking. Significantly less is known about the role of trauma and PTSD in terms of cessation outcome. Limitations of extant work, clinical implications, and key directions for future study are delineated. Keywordssmoking; posttraumatic stress; comorbidity; trauma; PTSD Cigarette smoking continues to be one of the leading preventable causes of death and disease in the U.S., resulting in healthcare costs that rank among the highest in the country [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), 2004]. Large-scale efforts targeting smoking cessation have helped address this problem (USDHHS, 2000), but the negative impact of smoking is still widely evident. For example, more than 1 in 5 (22%) adults [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2004] and almost 1 in 4 (24%) youth (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2004) in the U.S. currently smoke. Moreover, though smokers often are motivated to quit, the majority (approximately 90-95% of self-quitters and 60-80% of those in treatment programs) relapse (Cohen et al., 1989). Scholars have suggested smokers who fail at quitting may have unique attributes that increase their probability of smoking (Hughes, 1993;Pomerleau, 1997). Although various characteristics may increase the risk of relapse (e.g., heavier smoking levels), psychological disorders and related vulnerability factors have increasingly been recognized as playing a prominent role in quit success (Hughes, 1993;Zvolensky & Bernstein, 2005; Zvolensky, Bernstein, Marshall, & Feldner, in press).Smokers with anxiety disorders represent a common, albeit understudied, segment of the smoking population who are at heightened risk for relapse . For example, Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. Matthew T. Feldner, Intervention Sciences Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Department of Psychology, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, 479-575-4256 (phone), 479-575-3219 (facsimile). Electronic mail may be sent to mfeldne@uark.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the jo...

show abstract

The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: Method of Construction

Cited by 230 publications

References 6 publications

Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders

Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders

Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma

Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About