The Violation of Maxims in Indonesian Speech of Mental Retardation Child

Abstract

This article aims to describe the violations of the maxims in the Indonesian speech of mentally retarded children. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this study is one mild mental retardation child. The data of this research are words, phrases, and sentences that contain violations of the maxims in the principle of cooperation. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, stimulating, recording, and field recording. Data collection procedures in this study include entering the field, making observations, recording speeches, transcribing field records, entering data in tables, validating data that has been collected. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. The results of the data analysis of this study are the maxima violation that most children with mental retardation are the maxim of relations. That is because the research subject often changes the topic of speech. The research subject often changes the topic because he is not interested in talking about topics.

The violation of the cooperative maxim in early childhood: A pragmatic case study

“…In contrast to study findings [11], the maxim violation of children with intellectual disabilities is generally the maxim of relevance. This shows that the violation of the maxim of relevance in early childhood is normally the minimum violation.…”

“…Violations of maxims occur when the speaker does not know the truth and only understands the surface meaning of the words. The speaker intentionally conveys information that is ineffective, irrelevant or with a meaning that the speaker does not think is wrong [11].…”

“…This has left the early childhood period largely untapped through a pragmatic lens, and those studies that do exist focus on language vis-à-vis children with special needs. The maxim violation of children with intellectual disabilities is generally the maxim of relevance, as they are likely to change topics often due to a lack of interest [11]. Furthermore, the language of children who is growing and developing without such challenges usually displays  ISSN: 2252-8822 Int J Eval & Res Educ, Vol.…”

The Multiple Violation of Maxim in Doctor Strange in The Multiverse Film

“…Then, the finding of this current research is also contrasted with the study by Satria Raharja & Rosyidha (2019) that there were four violations of maxims from 29 conversations by Dodit Mulyanto in Stand Up Comedy Indonesia season 4 on Kompas TV and the most dominant was maxim of relation because the actor spoke too digress resulting in unwanted messages with topic and also suddenly changed, but the purpose was just for humour. Then, the current study is also contrasted by the study by Retnosari et al (2020) showed that the maxim of relation was most violated by the Indonesian children with mental retardation because they were not interested to certain topic so they often changed the topic of speech. The finding among this current research against the prior study is different because of the number of the violated maxims in each film is depended on the context or certain situation faced by the speakers.…”

“…2, September 2022 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/tell.v10i2.14389 Several previous studies also have presented the result of the violated maxim in various objects. Retnosari, et al (2020) showed in their study that the maxim of relation was most violated by the Indonesian children with mental retardation because they were not interested to certain topic so they often changed the topic of speech. Actually, the children also violated quality, quantity, and manner maxims, but these maxims were not dominant.…”