The virescent-2 Mutation Inhibits Translation of Plastid Transcripts for the Plastid Genetic System at an Early Stage of Chloroplast Differentiation

Sugimoto, Hiroki; Kusumi, Kensuke; Tozawa, Yuzuru; Yazaki, Junshi; Kishimoto, Naoki; Kikuchi, Shoshi; Iba, Koh

doi:10.1093/pcp/pch111

Cited by 115 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is concluded since our observations of the white sectors and similar observations from other researchers demonstrate that the variegation pattern is irreversible once developed (Zaltsman et al, 2005a). Characterization of a rice virescent mutant that shows temperature-dependent irreversible chlorosis after a particular developmental stage is in good accordance with this notion Sugimoto et al, 2004). Although the responsible genes for the chlorotic phenotype in this mutant are unrelated to FtsH, it again implies the important stage in leaf development.…”

Section: Formation Of the White Sectors: An Integrated Modelsupporting

confidence: 88%

White Leaf Sectors inyellow variegated2Are Formed by Viable Cells with Undifferentiated Plastids

et al. 2007

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The yellow variegated2 (var2) is one of the best-characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants showing leaf variegation. Leaf variegation of var2 results from the loss of an ATP-dependent metalloprotease, FtsH2, which is a major component of the FtsH heterocomplex in thylakoid membranes. While the functional role of FtsH2 in protein quality control has been extensively studied, the physiological state of plastids in white tissues of the var2 is not well characterized. Here we show that the white tissue in var2 is neither the result of photobleaching nor enhanced senescence. Visualization of plastids by plastidtargeted green fluorescent protein revealed that plastids in the white sector are distinct and have undifferentiated characteristics. The plastids are also distinct in that they contain large nucleoids, a complex structure of plastid DNA and proteins, that are typically found in undifferentiated plastids. Comparative analyses of protein profiles from green and white tissues suggested that the difference was observed in the proteins related to photosynthesis but not due to proteins of other organelles. Thus, cells in the white tissue are viable and their defect is limited to plastid function. The plastid accumulates normal levels of chloroplast transcripts, whereas a substantial repression of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes was evident in the white sector. Based upon these results, we inferred that the white sectors in var2 are made by viable cells that have plastids arrested in thylakoid formation. A proposed model to form the variegated sector in var2 is provided.

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Section: Formation Of the White Sectors: An Integrated Modelsupporting

confidence: 88%

White Leaf Sectors inyellow variegated2Are Formed by Viable Cells with Undifferentiated Plastids

et al. 2007

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“…The rice v2 mutant develops chlorotic leaves at the restrictive temperature (20°C), but develops nearly normal green leaves at the permissive temperature (30°C; Iba et al, 1991). The v2 mutation affects activation of the chloroplast translation machinery and/or expression of the plastid-to-nucleus signaling pathway during the P4 stage of leaf development (Sugimoto et al, 2004). The V2 gene was cloned and shown to encode a novel type of guanylate kinase (Sugimoto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Ysa Encodes a Ppr Protein Essential For Chloroplast Biogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a Rice Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Causes a Seedling-Specific Albino Phenotype and Its Utilization to Enhance Seed Purity in Hybrid Rice Production

Hu²,

Wu³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

152

112

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The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family represents one of the largest gene families in higher plants. Accumulating data suggest that PPR proteins play a central and broad role in modulating the expression of organellar genes in plants. Here we report a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant named young seedling albino (ysa) derived from the rice thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile line Pei'ai64S, which is a leading male-sterile line for commercial two-line hybrid rice production. The ysa mutant develops albino leaves before the three-leaf stage, but the mutant gradually turns green and recovers to normal green at the sixleaf stage. Further investigation showed that the change in leaf color in ysa mutant is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that YSA encodes a PPR protein with 16 tandem PPR motifs. YSA is highly expressed in young leaves and stems, and its expression level is regulated by light. We showed that the ysa mutation has no apparent negative effects on several important agronomic traits, such as fertility, stigma extrusion rate, selfed seed-setting rate, hybrid seed-setting rate, and yield heterosis under normal growth conditions. We further demonstrated that ysa can be used as an early marker for efficient identification and elimination of false hybrids in commercial hybrid rice production, resulting in yield increases by up to approximately 537 kg ha 21 .

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“…Another aliquot was used for the analysis of polysome loading. Samples were prepared according to Sugimoto et al (2004) with slight modifications. Heparin was removed from all the solutions used.…”

Section: Rna Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of Rubisco Small Subunit Up-Regulates the Transcript Levels of Large Subunit for Stoichiometric Assembly of Its Holoenzyme in Rice

Suzuki

Makino

2012

Plant Physiology

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Rubisco is composed of eight small subunits coded for by the nuclear RBCS multigene family and eight large subunits coded for by the rbcL gene in the plastome. For synthesis of the Rubisco holoenzyme, both genes need to be expressed coordinately. To investigate this molecular mechanism, the protein synthesis of two subunits of Rubisco was characterized in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants with overexpression or antisense suppression of the RBCS gene. Total RBCS and rbcL messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and RBCS and RbcL synthesis simultaneously increased in RBCS-sense plants, although the increase in total RBCS mRNA level was greater. In RBCS-antisense plants, the levels of these mRNAs and the synthesis of the corresponding proteins declined to a similar extent. The amount of RBCS synthesized was tightly correlated with rbcL mRNA level among genotypes but not associated with changes in mRNA levels of other major chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic genes. The level of rbcL mRNA, in turn, was tightly correlated with the amount of RbcL synthesized, the molar ratio of RBCS synthesis to RbcL synthesis being identical irrespective of genotype. Polysome loading of rbcL mRNA was not changed. These results demonstrate that the availability of RBCS protein up-regulates the gene expression of rbcL primarily at the transcript level in a quantitative manner for stoichiometric assembly of Rubisco holoenzyme.

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The virescent-2 Mutation Inhibits Translation of Plastid Transcripts for the Plastid Genetic System at an Early Stage of Chloroplast Differentiation

Cited by 115 publications

References 36 publications

White Leaf Sectors inyellow variegated2Are Formed by Viable Cells with Undifferentiated Plastids

White Leaf Sectors inyellow variegated2Are Formed by Viable Cells with Undifferentiated Plastids

Disruption of a Rice Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Causes a Seedling-Specific Albino Phenotype and Its Utilization to Enhance Seed Purity in Hybrid Rice Production

Availability of Rubisco Small Subunit Up-Regulates the Transcript Levels of Large Subunit for Stoichiometric Assembly of Its Holoenzyme in Rice

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