The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues

Lau, Ian V.; Viano, David C.

doi:10.4271/861882

Cited by 129 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…No filter was used for processing of dynamic deflection data. Lau & Viano (1981, 1986 proposed Viscous Criterion (VC), which is a function in the time formed by the product of the velocity of chest deflection and the chest compression at that instance. Viano & Lau, (1988); Viano et al, (1989) conducted numerous experiments, in which thoraces of the cadavers were subjected to the lateral impact loads in simulated vehicle crashes.…”

Section: Thorax Surrogate (Mthota) Impacted With Long Baton Of 140 Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a thorax surrogate FE model for assessment of trauma due to high speed blunt impacts

Thota

Epaarachchi

Lau

2014

JBSE

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Without being able to evaluate blunt thoracic trauma in terms of an acceptable injury criterion, it is not possible to develop or validate non-lethal projectiles, bullet proof vests and chest protectors for sports personnel etc. In order for the assessment of the blunt trauma caused by high speed projectiles, a novel design of a mechanical surrogate of the thorax (Mechanical THOrax for Trauma Assessment: MTHOTA) was conceptualized. An iterative impact analyses in the virtual testing environment were carried out by impacting the finite element model of the mechanical thorax with 37 mm diameter, 100 mm long wooden baton weighing 140 grams (20 m/s and 40 m/s impact speeds) and 37 mm diameter, 28.5 mm long wooden baton weighing 30 grams with 60 m/s impact speed. From the output of every simulation, force dynamic response (force-time), deflection dynamic response (deflection-time) and force-deflection response were elicited and compared with the corresponding human response corridors developed by Wayne State University's researchers. By suitably changing the design parameters of the mechanical surrogate, simulation iterations were continued till the responses were correlated with the human response corridors. Values of viscous criterion (VC max ), product of maximum chest deflection and the rate at which chest deforms, obtained from MTHOTA were in very good agreement with those obtained from the cadaveric test data. The methodology, concept and validation of the MTHOTA have been presented in this paper.

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Section: Thorax Surrogate (Mthota) Impacted With Long Baton Of 140 Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a thorax surrogate FE model for assessment of trauma due to high speed blunt impacts

Thota

Epaarachchi

Lau

2014

JBSE

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“…Kroell analyzed a large data base of blunt thoracic impact experiments and realized that the compression criterion is a superior indicator of chest injury severity, where x C is the chest deflection. Especially sternal impact was shown to cause compression of the chest until rib fractures occur [23,25].…”

Section: Compression Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second criterion for the chest is the viscous criterion (VC), which is also known as soft-tissue criterion [24,25]. It can be formulated as…”

Section: Viscous Criterionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Analysis for a Human-Friendly Manipulator

Haddadin

Albu-Schäffer

Hirzinger

2010

Int J of Soc Robotics

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The DLR Lightweight Robot III (LWR-III) developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is characterized by low inertial properties, torque sensing in each joint, and a load to weight ratio similar to humans. These properties qualify it for applications requiring high mobility and direct interaction with human users or uncertain environments. An essential requirement for such a robot is that it must under no circumstances pose a threat to the human operator. To actually quantify the potential injury risk emanating from the manipulator, impact test were carried out using standard automobile crash-test facilities at the ADAC (German automobile club). Furthermore, we introduce our analysis for soft-tissue injury based on swine experiments with the LWR-III. This paper gives an overview about the variety of investigations necessary to provide a safety analysis of a human-friendly robot based on biomechanical injury results. We believe this paper can provide a guideline for the robotics community for future qualifications of other robots and thus serve as a key component to bring robots in our everyday life.

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“…The viscous criterion was obtained from statistical analysis of a large series of thoracic impact experiments. It was found that the viscous criterion, which is defined as the instantaneous product of velocity of deformation and the amount of compression, is a good predictor of thoracic soft tissue injury risk [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Unconsciousness from a Pediatric Brain Injury Threshold

Zhu

Prange²,

Margulies³

2006

Dev Neurosci

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The objective of this study was to utilize tissue deformation thresholds associated with acute axonal injury in the immature brain to predict the duration of unconsciousness. Ten anesthetized 3- to 5-day-old piglets were subjected to nonimpact axial rotations (110–260 rad/s) producing graded injury, with periods of unconsciousness from 0 to 80 min. Coronal sections of the perfusion-fixed brain were immunostained with neurofilament antibody (NF-68) and examined microscopically to identify regions of swollen axons and terminal retraction balls. Each experiment was simulated with a finite element computational model of the piglet brain and the recorded head velocity traces to estimate the local tissue deformation (strain), the strain rate and their product. Using thresholds associated with 50, 80 and 90% probability of axonal injury, white matter regions experiencing suprathreshold responses were determined and expressed as a fraction of the total white matter volume. These volume fractions were then correlated with the duration of unconsciousness, assuming a linear relationship. The thresholds for 80 and 90% probability of predicting injury were found to correlate better with injury severity than those for 50%, and the product of strain and strain rate was the best predictor of injury severity (p = 0.02). Predictive capacity of the linear relationship was confirmed with additional (n = 13) animal experiments. We conclude that the suprathreshold injured volume can provide a satisfactory prediction of injury severity in the immature brain.

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The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues

Cited by 129 publications

References 15 publications

Development and validation of a thorax surrogate FE model for assessment of trauma due to high speed blunt impacts

Development and validation of a thorax surrogate FE model for assessment of trauma due to high speed blunt impacts

Safety Analysis for a Human-Friendly Manipulator

Predicting Unconsciousness from a Pediatric Brain Injury Threshold

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