The Visibility of Illicit Drugs: Implications for Community-Based Drug Control Strategies

Saxe, Leonard; Kadushin, Charles; Beveridge, Andrew A.; Livert, David; Tighe, Elizabeth; Rindskopf, David; Ford, Julie; Brodsky, Archie

doi:10.2105/ajph.91.12.1987

Cited by 119 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Those that do exist have produced mixed results as to the direct impact availability has on individual rates of use. Some of this research has indicated that there are few differences between the lifetime prevalence of drug use among those living in the inner city where drug availability is believed to be greater than in suburban middle-class areas and the general population (Ensminger et al 1997;Saxe et al 2001).…”

Section: Drug Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation, Social Context, and Drug Use: Findings from a Sample of Hispanic Adolescents

Miller

2010

Am J Crim Just

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Criminologists have largely neglected the influence of acculturation in the etiology of Hispanic drug use and delinquency. This is somewhat surprising since a long line of research from several disciplines has consistently linked higher levels of acculturation to greater incidence of negative social, health, and behavioral outcomes. A major shortcoming of this extant literature, however, is its failure to consider the acculturation-drug use link within a particular explanatory framework. This study attempts to address this oversight by examining the acculturation-drug use relationship within the context of gang membership, drug availability, and susceptibility to peer influence. Using data from a sample of Mexican-American adolescents residing in the American Southwest, a series of regression equations were estimated exploring the relative effects of acculturation, gang membership, drug availability, and susceptibility to peer influence on drug use. Separate analyses were conducted on minor (e.g., alcohol, marijuana) and major (e.g., cocaine, heroin) drug use. Findings indicated that all study variables, except acculturation, were significantly related to drug use.

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Section: Drug Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation, Social Context, and Drug Use: Findings from a Sample of Hispanic Adolescents

Miller

2010

Am J Crim Just

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“…For example, research from the Fighting Back program (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) has revealed that neighborhood disadvantage is significantly associated with drug use and dependence, but to a lesser degree than with visible drug markets in neighborhoods. 13 Boardman and colleagues 14 explored relationships among neighborhood disadvantage, stress, psychosocial resources and adult drug use. The authors found only a marginal association between neighborhood disadvantage and adult drug use over and above individual-level stressors, social and psychological resources, and sociodemographics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Personal Network Attributes, and Use of Heroin and Cocaine

Williams

Latkin

2007

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

140

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Background-Drug abuse is a significant public health problem because of its association with numerous negative health and social consequences. Examining the social context of drug use represents a burgeoning avenue of research in drug abuse. This study investigates the effects of neighborhood disadvantage and network factors on current heroin and cocaine use among a predominantly African-American adult sample residing in Baltimore City.

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“…[1][2][3] The theoretical underpinnings for these studies derive from social ecology theory [4][5][6] and strain and social disorganization theories, [7][8][9] which postulate that illicit drug use can be explained in part as a response to neighborhood environments that cause undue stress or strain, lack the community-level organization or collective efficacy to sanction illegal-drug-using behavior, and present the individual with frequent opportunities to purchase and use illegal drugs. In fact, both drug-using and abstaining residents of more disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to be approached by someone offering illicit drugs than residents of more advantaged neighborhoods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Drug Treatment Facilities Increase Clients’ Exposure to Potential Neighborhood-Level Triggers for Relapse? A Small-Area Assessment of a Large, Public Treatment System

Jacobson

2006

J Urban Health

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Research on drug treatment facility locations has focused narrowly on the issue of geographic proximity to clients. We argue that neighborhood conditions should also enter into the facility location decision and illustrate a formal assessment of neighborhood conditions at facilities in a large, metropolitan area, taking into account conditions clients already face at home. We discuss choice and construction of smallarea measures relevant to the drug treatment context, including drug activity, disadvantage, and violence as well as statistical comparisons of clients`home and treatment locations with respect to these measures. Analysis of 22,707 clients discharged from 494 community-based outpatient and residential treatment facilities that received public funds during 1998-2000 in Los Angeles County revealed no significant mean differences between home and treatment neighborhoods. However, up to 20% of clients are exposed to markedly higher levels of disadvantage, violence, or drug activity where they attend treatment than where they live, suggesting that it is not uncommon for treatment locations to increase clients`exposure to potential environmental triggers for relapse. Whereas on average both home and treatment locations exhibit higher levels of these measures than the household locations of the general population, substantial variability in public treatment clients`home neighborhoods calls into question the notion that they hail exclusively from poor, high drug activity areas. Shortcomings of measures available for neighborhood assessment of treatment locations and implications of the findings for other areas of treatment research are also discussed.

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The Visibility of Illicit Drugs: Implications for Community-Based Drug Control Strategies

Abstract: The most disadvantaged neighborhoods have the most visible drug problems, but drug use is nearly equally distributed across all communities. Thus, efforts to address drug-related problems in poorer areas need to take into account the broader drug market served by these neighborhoods.

Cited by 119 publications

References 30 publications

Acculturation, Social Context, and Drug Use: Findings from a Sample of Hispanic Adolescents

Acculturation, Social Context, and Drug Use: Findings from a Sample of Hispanic Adolescents

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Personal Network Attributes, and Use of Heroin and Cocaine

Do Drug Treatment Facilities Increase Clients’ Exposure to Potential Neighborhood-Level Triggers for Relapse? A Small-Area Assessment of a Large, Public Treatment System

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