The VISTA Carina Nebula Survey

Preibisch, Thomas; Zeidler, Peter; Ratzka, Thorsten; Roccatagliata, V.; Petr-Gotzens, M. G.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424045

Cited by 21 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Over the last years, several sensitive surveys of large parts of the CNC have been performed at optical and infrared wavelengths (e.g., Smith et al 2010a,b;Preibisch et al 2011cPreibisch et al ,b, 2012Preibisch et al , 2014b. However, due to the location of the CNC very close to the Galactic plane, all optical and infrared images are com-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chandra X-ray observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 3293 in the Carina Nebula Complex

Preibisch

Flaischlen

Gaczkowski

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. NGC 3293 is a young stellar cluster at the northwestern periphery of the Carina Nebula Complex that has remained poorly explored until now. Aims. We characterize the stellar population of NGC 3293 in order to evaluate key parameters of the cluster population such as the age and the mass function, and to test claims of an abnormal IMF and a deficit of M ≤ 2.5 M stars. Methods. We performed a deep (70 ksec) X-ray observation of NGC 3293 with Chandra and detected 1026 individual X-ray point sources. These X-ray data directly probe the low-mass (M ≤ 2 M ) stellar population by means of the strong X-ray emission of young low-mass stars. We identify counterparts for 74% of the X-ray sources in our deep near-infrared images. Results. Our data clearly show that NGC 3293 hosts a large population of ≈ solar-mass stars, refuting claims of a lack of M ≤ 2.5 M stars. The analysis of the color magnitude diagram suggests an age of ∼ 8 − 10 Myr for the low-mass population of the cluster. There are at least 511 X-ray detected stars with color magnitude positions that are consistent with young stellar members within 7 arcmin of the cluster center. The number ratio of X-ray detected stars in the [1 − 2] M range versus the M ≥ 5 M stars (known from optical spectroscopy) is consistent with the expectation from a normal field initial mass function. Most of the early B-type stars and ≈ 20% of the later B-type stars are detected as X-ray sources. Conclusions. Our data shows that NGC 3293 is one of the most populous stellar clusters in the entire Carina Nebula Complex (very similar to Tr 16 and Tr 15; only Tr 14 is more populous). The cluster probably harbored several O-type stars, whose supernova explosions may have had an important impact on the early evolution of the Carina Nebula Complex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chandra X-ray observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 3293 in the Carina Nebula Complex

Preibisch

Flaischlen

Gaczkowski

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…We found that a value of α = 2.1, corresponding to a slope of 1.86, describes the reddening in our CCD well. Using this slope, we classified all those objects that are found with J − H > 0.05 mag, H − K s > 0.05 mag, and more than 0.05 mag below and to the right to the reddening band for main sequence colors (which corresponds to the typical uncertainty of the photometric calibration of the VISTA data; see Preibisch et al 2014) as NIR excess sources in order to minimize contamination from photometric uncertainty effects.…”

Section: The Slope Of the Reddening Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAH emission from diffuse structures close to point sources can thus adulterate the photometric flux measurements in the IRAC bands 1, 3, (Bressan et al 2012) and the blue asterisks show the locus of the red supergiants, TP-AGBs, and upperRGBs produced with the dusty models. We also give the typical uncertainties of the photometry from Preibisch et al (2014) for the VISTA data and from Ohlendorf et al (2013) for the [4.5]-band. The color bar shows the number of objects per bin (bin size = 0.02 mag × 0.02 mag).…”

Section: The Spitzer Mir Catalogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the observations, the data reduction, and the photometric calibration are described in Preibisch et al (2014). This survey revealed 4 840 807 individual NIR sources, of which 3 951 580 were reliably detected in at least two bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black lines represent the infrared excess selection with J − H > 0.05 mag, H − K s > 0.05 mag, and 0.05 mag below and to the right of the reddening band of the main sequence. We also provide the typical uncertainties of the photometry derived in Preibisch et al (2014). In total 86 175 objects are classified as NIR excess sources shown by red dots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The VISTA Carina Nebula Survey

Zeidler

Preibisch

Ratzka

et al. 2015

A&A

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We performed a deep wide-field (6.76 sq. deg) near-infrared survey with the VISTA telescope that covers the entire extent of the Carina nebula complex (CNC). The point-source catalog created from these data contains around four million individual objects down to masses of 0.1 M . We present a statistical study of the large-scale spatial distribution and an investigation of the clustering properties of infrared-excesses objects, which are used to trace disk-bearing young stellar objects (YSOs). A selection based on a near-infrared (J − H) versus (H − K s ) color-color diagram shows an almost uniform distribution over the entire observed area. We interpret this as a result of the very high degree of background contamination that arises from the Carina Nebula's location close to the Galactic plane. Complementing the VISTA near-infrared catalog with Spitzer IRAC mid-infrared photometry improves the situation of the background contamination considerably. We find that a (J − H) versus (K s − [4.5]) color-color diagram is well suited to tracing the population of YSO-candidates (cYSOs) by their infrared excess. We identify 8781 sources with strong infrared excess, which we consider as cYSOs. This sample is used to investigate the spatial distribution of the cYSOs with a nearest-neighbor analysis. The surface density distribution of cYSOs agrees well with the shape of the clouds as seen in our Herschel far-infrared survey. The strong decline in the surface density of excess sources outside the area of the clouds supports the hypothesis that our excess-selected sample consists predominantly of cYSOs with a low level of background contamination. This analysis allows us to identify 14 groups of cYSOs outside the central area.Our results suggest that the total population of cYSOs in the CNC comprises about 164 000 objects, with a substantial fraction (∼35%) located in the northern, still not well studied parts. Our cluster analysis suggests that roughly half of the cYSOs constitute a non-clustered, dispersed population.

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Embedded Clusters

Ascenso

2017

The Birth of Star Clusters

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The past decade has seen an increase of star formation studies made at the molecular cloud scale, motivated mostly by the deployment of a wealth of sensitive infrared telescopes and instruments. Embedded clusters, long recognised as the basic units of coherent star formation in molecular clouds, are now seen to inhabit preferentially cluster complexes tens of parsecs across. This chapter gives an overview of some important properties of the embedded clusters in these complexes and of the complexes themselves, along with the implications of viewing star formation as a molecular-cloud scale process rather than an isolated process at the scale of clusters.

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The VISTA Carina Nebula Survey

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Chandra X-ray observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 3293 in the Carina Nebula Complex

Chandra X-ray observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 3293 in the Carina Nebula Complex

The VISTA Carina Nebula Survey

Embedded Clusters

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