The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety: A Validation Study

Hornblow, Andrew; Kidson, M. A.

doi:10.3109/00048677609159523

Cited by 106 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…The external validity has been reported in numerous populations by means of correlations with STAI-S scores and other measures of anxiety: the correlation scores range from moderately low values 12 (.52 in Cella & Perry, 1986;.50 in Chlan, 2004) to relatively high coefficients (.82 in Vogelsang, 1988). This wide variability somehow suggests that caution is needed when assuming the same psychometric properties for the VAS-A in different populations (see also Hornblow & Kidson, 1976, reporting very different correlation coefficients between STAI-S and VAS-A across several populations). Concurrent validity has also been calculated in respect to the POMS-Tension (r 12 Both the VAS-A and the STAI-S presumably provide an estimate of the same, very specific, construct (namely, anxiety), such that these two instruments should normally share a high portion of variance.…”

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrent validity has also been calculated in respect to the POMS-Tension (r 12 Both the VAS-A and the STAI-S presumably provide an estimate of the same, very specific, construct (namely, anxiety), such that these two instruments should normally share a high portion of variance. Accordingly, correlation coefficients ranging between .34 (Hornblow & Kidson, 1976) and .52 (Cella & Perry, 1986) may be considered moderately low in this context. = .51), while discriminant correlation coefficients were provided in the same sample with measures of depression (all rs < .49, Cella & Perry, 1986) Test-retest reliability data have been provided both in healthy populations (between .30 and .32 Hornblow & Kidson, 1976;>.50, Cella & Perry, 1986) and in the context of carbon dioxide breathing challenges in panic disorder patients (see entry 189 in Table 1).…”

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, correlation coefficients ranging between .34 (Hornblow & Kidson, 1976) and .52 (Cella & Perry, 1986) may be considered moderately low in this context. = .51), while discriminant correlation coefficients were provided in the same sample with measures of depression (all rs < .49, Cella & Perry, 1986) Test-retest reliability data have been provided both in healthy populations (between .30 and .32 Hornblow & Kidson, 1976;>.50, Cella & Perry, 1986) and in the context of carbon dioxide breathing challenges in panic disorder patients (see entry 189 in Table 1). Prechallenge VAS-A scores, as well as post-challenge scores and difference/delta scores (obtained after subtracting the pre-challenge scores from the post-challenge, usually higher, ones) were reported for two identical sessions one week apart.…”

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psychometric properties of the VAS-A have been addressed both for the horizontal and the vertical version of the instrument in several clinical and subclinical populations (Hornblow & Kidson, 1976;Vogelsang, 1988;Gift, 1989 knowing that the vertical version of the VAS-A seems to be more sensitive to change in affect than the horizontal one (Gift, 1989). The external validity has been reported in numerous populations by means of correlations with STAI-S scores and other measures of anxiety: the correlation scores range from moderately low values 12 (.52 in Cella & Perry, 1986;.50 in Chlan, 2004) to relatively high coefficients (.82 in Vogelsang, 1988).…”

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review

Rossi

Pourtois

2012

Anxiety, Stress & Coping

173

110

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State anxiety: construct and measuresThe compelling observation that specific unpleasant emotional conditions, characterized by short-lived feelings of tension or apprehension, are actually prone to fluctuations depending on external contingencies in the environment was first put forward by Cattell (1966;Cattell & Scheirer, 1958& 1963 in the second half of the last century, when he proposed the distinction between state anxiety and a more stable personality trait (referred to as trait anxiety), the latter being related to the tendency to experience feelings of tension and worrisome thoughts. Since this pioneering work, although no consensus has been reached about the true nature of state anxiety as a psychological or physiological construct, this concept has been further elaborated and refined by Spielberger (1966Spielberger ( & 1976 at a theoretical level, and it has been implicated in a myriad of empirical studies that have helped delineate and better characterize the numerous psychological reactions to stressors in humans (e.g., , or the physiological activations of the nervous system triggered by external or internal emotional stimuli (e.g., Swartzman, Edelberg, & Kemman, 1990;de Rooij, Schene, Phillips, & Roseboom, 2010). Levels of trait anxiety are considered crucial for people's successful adaptation to the environment, and have been shown to influence a multitude of core psychological components, including well-being and mental health (e.g., Duncko, Makatsori, Fickova, Selco, & Jezova, 2006;Bruk-Lee, Khoury, Nixon, Goh, & Spector, 2009). Consequently, good instruments for measuring stable inter-individual differences in anxiety proneness, considered as a personality trait, have been developed in the affective sciences literature (e.g., Cattel & Scheirer, 1963;Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970), with the underlying idea that such trait is long lasting and mostly stable across time and situations. At the same time, a 4 growing number of studies suggested that trait characteristics of anxiety not always accurately predicted psychological responses in specific situations (e.g., , nor did they always show a straightforward relationship with the magnitude of anxiety fluctuations over time in response to external events (see Spielberger, 1983;. In these cases, a less stable measure of anxiety, able to capture these short-lived variations in the state of the individual would be desirable.In order to appropriately meet these theoretical and empirical considerations, several instruments have been developed over the years, providing alternative instruments for measuring state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety, or more broadly, in affect or mood. for the POMS). Moreover, systematically comparing the psychometric properties of each measure seems rather difficult, since they have to be retrieved from various and sometimes scattered sources, such as the manuals and a set of psychometric papers addressing different combinations of instruments, with sometimes a lack of consistency across analysis techniques, sample...

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Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Description Main Use and Psychometric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review

Rossi

Pourtois

2012

Anxiety, Stress & Coping

173

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Single-item VAS scales have been used in psychological assessment since the early 20th century and have subsequently been employed successfully in the assessment of a wide variety of health-related constructs including pain [22][23][24], quality-of-life [25,26], mood [27,28], and anxiety [29][30][31][32][33]. VAS scales are brief and simple to administer and minimal in terms of respondent burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of a patient-rated visual analogue scale with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social anxiety disorder: A cross-sectional study

Okitsu¹,

Sawamura²,

Nishimura³

et al. 2014

OJPsych

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Introduction: The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), used to assess the severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD), requires considerable effort and time to complete. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate whether a visual analogue scale (VAS) could be linear with the LSAS and substitute for the LSAS, 2) to relate such a VAS instrument to patient demographics. Methods: Fifty SAD patients were assessed using the LSAS and VAS instruments completed by both patients and doctors at the same session. We then drew distributions and calculated the Spearman's ρ and κ coefficient values (divided at the median for each scale) between patient and doctor assessments. Next, each pair among the scores for the LSAS, the patient VAS and the doctor VAS was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests according to patient life profile data. Results: Scatter plots of pairs of scores were obtained. Spearman's ρ was 0.661 between the LSAS and the patient VAS, 0.461 between the LSAS and the doctor VAS, and 0.494 between VAS scores of patients and doctors. The κ coefficients were 0.501 between the LSAS and patient VAS, 0.251 between the LSAS and doctor VAS, and 0.425 between patient VAS and doctor VAS (for all six, p < 0.001). The Wilcoxon rank sum tests indicated a significant difference between the groups with/ without

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A systematic review of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce procedural anxiety among patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer

Forbes,

Baker,

Britton

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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Procedural anxiety is a concern for a number of patients undergoing radiation therapy. While procedural anxiety is often treated pharmacologically, there is a clinical need for effective alternative strategies for patients who are contraindicated from medication use, and those who prefer not to take unnecessary medications.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions delivered to adults with cancer, in the radiation oncology department, just prior to, or during radiation therapy, in reducing levels of self‐reported procedural anxiety. The secondary objectives were to assess the efficacy of these interventions in reducing physiological symptoms of procedural anxiety and anxiety‐related treatment disruptions.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesElectronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception up until February 2022.Inclusion CriteriaPopulation: Adult patients with cancer undergoing external beam radiation therapy. Intervention: Nonpharmacological interventions delivered within the radiation therapy department. Comparison: standard care controls, or standard care plus an alternative intervention. Outcomes: level of self‐reported procedural anxiety (primary), physiological symptoms of anxiety (secondary) and measures of anxiety‐related treatment disruptions (secondary).Data Extraction and AnalysisTwo reviewers independently extracted data. A meta‐analysis was originally planned but deemed not feasible as the studies could not be confidently pooled for meta‐analysis, due to the variability in the interventions, study designs and the generally low number of studies. Therefore, a narrative synthesis is presented.ResultsScreening of 2363 records identified nine studies that met inclusion criteria: six studies of music interventions, two of video‐based patient education and one of aromatherapy. Overall, three studies received a global rating of strong methodological quality and low risk of bias. Three studies reported a significant effect of the intervention on reducing the primary outcome of self‐reported procedural anxiety: two music interventions (both strong methodological quality), and one video‐based patient education (moderate methodological quality). One of the studies (a music intervention) also reported a significant reduction in the secondary outcome of physiological symptoms of procedural anxiety (systolic blood pressure).ConclusionsThe evidence for nonpharmacological interventions delivered to adults with cancer just prior to, or during radiation therapy, in reducing levels of self‐reported procedural anxiety is limited, with very few well‐designed studies. There is a need for interventions for procedural anxiety during radiation therapy to be evaluated through rigorous randomised controlled trials.

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The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety: A Validation Study

Cited by 106 publications

References 10 publications

Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review

Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review

A comparison of a patient-rated visual analogue scale with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social anxiety disorder: A cross-sectional study

A systematic review of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce procedural anxiety among patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer

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