The visual responses of free‐flying summer and autumn forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in an automated flight chamber

David, C. T.; Hardie, Jim

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1988.tb00479.x

Cited by 45 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Kennedy and Booth (1963a) described a typical flight in aphids as being aerodynamically stable but quite 'wild' at the start. David and Hardie (1988) examined this same conflict using summer (virginoparae) and autumn (gynoparae) forms of Aphis fabae Scopoli. During the 'cruising' flight, the rate of climb gradually declined and occasionally was interrupted by short fluctuations in vertical flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus in a vertical flight chamber: transition from phototactic to vegetative orientation

Blackmer

Phelan

1991

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The freeflight behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was investigated in a vertical flight chamber to measure takeoff propensity relative to beetle age and to determine the effect of food odors on phototactic orientation. A high-pressure sodium lamp presented from above induced a phototactic flight response, especially in beetles 3-7 days old. The majority of phototactic flights lasted less than 15 min for both males (73~) and females (85~o), but ranged up to 100 min. A bimodal periodicity in flight propensity was recorded during the photophase with a small peak in activity occurring 14-10 h prior to scotophase and a large 4 h peak occurring from 3 h prior to scotophase to 1 h after when the onset of scotophase would normally have occurred. Beetles maintained with water as adults usually displayed higher levels of flight activity than did beetles maintained with artificial diet.After a period of vertical flight, photokinetic and phototactic response declined, and flight instability increased, as indicated by an overall decrease in the mean rate of climb, accompanied by an increase in the variability of this measure and an increase in horizontal displacement. When food odor (apple cider vinegar) was introduced the rate of climb dropped rapidly and beetles usually landed regardless of how long they had been in flight. When the food odor was removed, takeoff occurred and the beetle returned to its previous rate of climb. When food odor was repeatedly introduced during the same flight, there was no apparent cumulative effect, and each time it was removed, the beetle re-initiated phototactic flight. Unlike true migratory flight in which response to vegetative cues is temporarily inhibited until the insect has engaged in a period of phototactic flight, C. hemipterus flight could be better characterized as extended foraging in which phototactic flight is readily interrupted by encounters with food odor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Carpophilus hemipterus in a vertical flight chamber: transition from phototactic to vegetative orientation

Blackmer

Phelan

1991

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…It was clear that the insects reached much higher vertical speeds during the daytime, and this is consistent with transport by updraughts within the CBL. Most small insects (aphids, planthoppers) cannot fly upwards at more than 0.2 m s −1 by their own powered flight (Riley et al, 1991;David and Hardie, 1998), and even large insects (grasshoppers and noctuid moths) only ascend at rates of 0.4-0.5 m s −1 (Schaefer, 1976;Riley and Reynolds, 1979;Riley et al, 1983). So, the measured upward speeds of up to 4 m s −1 must be a combination of the insects' flight power and convective updraughts.…”

Section: Insect and Aerosol Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud‐radar observations of insects in the UK convective boundary layer

Wood

O’Connor

Hurley

et al. 2009

Meteorological Applications

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ABSTRACT:Radar has been applied to the study of insect migration for almost 40 years, but most entomological radars operate at X-band (9.4 GHz, 3.2 cm wavelength) and can only detect individuals of relatively large species, such as migratory grasshoppers and noctuid moths, over all of their flight altitudes. Many insects (including economically important species) are much smaller than this, but development of the requisite higher power and/or higher frequency radar systems to detect these species is often prohibitively expensive. In this paper, attention is focused upon the uses of some recently-deployed meteorological sensing devices to investigate insect migratory flight behaviour, and especially its interactions with boundary layer processes. Records were examined from the vertically-pointing 35 GHz 'Copernicus' and 94 GHz 'Galileo' cloud radars at Chilbolton (Hampshire, England) for 12 cloudless and convective occasions in summer 2003, and one of these occasions (13 July) is presented in detail. Insects were frequently found at heights above aerosol particles, which represent passive tracers, indicating active insect movement. It was found that insect flight above the convective boundary layer occurs most often during the morning. The maximum radar reflectivity (an indicator of aerial insect biomass) was found to be positively correlated with maximum screen temperature.

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“…Flight behaviour of individuals was studied in an automated, vertical wind tunnel in which aphids could be flown for many hours (David & Hardie, 1988). Flight towards a bright, overhead white light was countered by a down draught of air and aphids were effectively tethered by this phototactic response while in free flight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the percentage of target presentations resulting in aphid attraction during the first 30 min of flight were compared. Due to the method of analysis, a figure of 8.5% indicates a non-responding aphid (David & Hardie, 1988 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of an automated aphid flight chamber has enabled flight behaviour to be distinguished and quantified as migratory, when the insect flies persistently upward and ignores laterally presented plantmimicking visual stimuli, or foraging, when the insect readily interrupts its upward flight and moves towards the plant-like cue (David & Hardie, 1988;Nottingham & Hardie, 1989). Winged summer (alate virginoparae) and autumn (gynoparae) forms of the black bean aphid, Aphisfabae Scop., differ in their flight strategies: the autumn forms show a long period of migratory behaviour at the beginning of the maiden flight while summer forms do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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