The volume and energy content of meals as determinants of gastric emptying.

Hunt, J. N.; Stubbs, Derek F.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010841

Cited by 541 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…103,104 The implication is that eating energy dense foods (for example, high fat foods) may not allow gastric distension to contribute sufficiently to satiety. As a result of this, the energy density of foods may be an important factor that influences how much energy is consumed in a meal.…”

Section: Food Palatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

2010

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Complementary neuronal recordings and functional neuroimaging in humans, show that the primary taste cortex in the anterior insula provides separate and combined representations of the taste, temperature and texture (including fat texture) of food in the mouth independently of hunger and thus of reward value and pleasantness. One synapse on, in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), these sensory inputs are for some neurons combined by learning with olfactory and visual inputs, and these neurons encode food reward in that they only respond to food when hungry, and in that activations correlate with subjective pleasantness. Cognitive factors, including word-level descriptions, and attention, modulate the representation of the reward value of food in the OFC. Further, there are individual differences in the representation of the reward value of food in the OFC. It is argued that overeating and obesity are related in many cases to an increased reward value of the sensory inputs produced by foods, and their modulation by cognition and attention, which overrides existing satiety signals. It is proposed that control of all rather than one or several of these factors that influence food reward and eating may be important in the prevention and treatment of overeating and obesity.

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Section: Food Palatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

2010

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“…Gastric emptying can be affected by intragastric volume (20), which varies in mouse strains of different size. The smaller CAST mice consumed 32% less of the test meal than B6 mice but also had 32% lower stomach mass.…”

Section: Gene Expression Candidates In Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation inGlp1rexpression influences the rate of gastric emptying in mice

Kumar¹,

Byerley²,

Vólaufová³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We demonstrated previously that food intake traits map to a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on proximal chromosome 17, which encompasses Glp1r (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor), encoding an important modulator of gastric emptying. We then confirmed this QTL in a B6.CAST-17 congenic strain that consumed 27% more carbohydrate and 17% more total calories, yet similar fat calories, per body weight compared with the recipient C57BL/6J. The congenic strain also consumed greater food volume. The current aims were to 1) identify genetic linkage for total food volume in F 2 mice, 2) perform gene expression profiling in stomach of B6.CAST-17 congenic mice using oligonucleotide arrays, 3) test for allelic imbalance in Glp1r expression, 4) evaluate gastric emptying rate in parental and congenic mice, and 5) investigate a possible effect of genetic variation in Glp1r on gastric emptying. A genome scan revealed a single QTL for total food volume (Tfv1) (log of the odds ratio ϭ 7.6), which was confirmed in B6.CAST-17 congenic mice. Glp1r exhibited allelic imbalance in stomach, which correlated with accelerated gastric emptying in parental CAST and congenic B6.CAST-17 mice. Moreover, congenic mice displayed an impaired gastric emptying response to exendin-(9-39). These results suggest that genetic variation in Glp1r contributes to the strain differences in gastric emptying rate.quantitative trait locus; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor THE GUT HORMONE GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 (GLP-1) inhibits gastric emptying, reduces postprandial gastric secretion, and may play a physiological role in regulating appetite and energy intake. Systemic administration of GLP-1 in physiological amounts in both humans and animals potently inhibits gastric emptying (9,13,15,31,59,61), and this effect can be blocked by administration of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) (21). The mechanism by which GLP-1 inhibits gastric emptying is thought to involve receptors located either in the central nervous system or associated with afferent pathways to the brain stem (9,21,60). In addition to the deceleration of gastric emptying, GLP-1 is involved in regulating satiety, as shown in normal-weight and obese men infused with 33,34). GLP-1 also decreases food intake; by contrast, central administration of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin-(9-39) stimulates food intake (14, 54).The GLP-1R is a seven-transmembrane domain receptor belonging to the B family of G-protein-coupled receptors (6, 52). The GLP-1R recognizes GLP-1 specifically and does not show demonstrable binding by related peptides (Ref. 52; for review, see Ref. 6). In rodents, GLP-1 receptor mRNA and high-affinity GLP-1 binding sites have been identified in pancreatic islets, in gastrointestinal tract, in lung, in kidney, in heart, and throughout the brain (7,8,16). The satiety-promoting effects of GLP-1 implicate Glp1r as a physiological gene candidate for ingestive behavior phenotypes (1).Glp1r maps to the peak of a genetic region containing overlapping quantitative trait loci (Q...

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“…Several authors have indicated that satiation may be controlled by the weight of previously consumed foods (McHugh & Moran, 1979;Hunt & Stubbs, 1994). There are two important methodologic differences between these studies and our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Studies investigating the effect of food volume consumed in one meal on subsequent energy intake, suggest that high volume intakes produce a lower gastric emptying rate, and consequently increase satiety (McHugh & Moran, 1979;Hunt & Stubbs, 1994). However, these hypotheses have not been tested on preschool children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the energy density and volume of high carbohydrate meals on short term satiety in preschool children

1999

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Objective: To investigate the effect of energy density and food volume intakes in one meal (lunch-time) on food and energy intakes in the subsequent meal (tea-time). Design: During lunch, two meals with different energy densities (1.26 and 0.69 kcalag) were offered to preschool children using normal foods and maintaining a similar energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes. In the subsequent meal a varied type of high acceptability foods were served in higher amounts than those that children usually consume. Setting: A day care center where the children were fed during lunch-time and tea-time. Subjects: Two hundred and thirty-four normal preschool children, 108 males and 126 females, according to the weight for height index using the NCHS standards. Methods: Chemical analysis of the meals served using the AOAC methods and determination of food and energy intakes by differential weighing of the foods. Results: The preschool children had a similar energy intake at lunch but a signi®cantly higher food intake when they consumed the meal with the lower energy density (313 vs 290.7 kcal) (P 0.001). There were no differences in the food intakes at the subsequent meal times. Conclusions:The results of this present work demonstrate that under the conditions of the study, there is an inverse relationship between the energy density of the meals consumed at the ®rst meal-time and the energy intakes at the subsequent meal in normal preschool children; and a direct relationship with the short-term satiety. It is possible that differences in satiety re¯ect, in part, effects from the characteristics of the normal food used in the dietary treatments. These conclusions suggest that future research must be carried out in order to investigate the separate effects of food and the dietary variables commonly used in the studies of food and energy regulations in humans.

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The volume and energy content of meals as determinants of gastric emptying.

Cited by 541 publications

References 23 publications

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

Genetic variation inGlp1rexpression influences the rate of gastric emptying in mice

Effect of the energy density and volume of high carbohydrate meals on short term satiety in preschool children

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