The vulnerability of shellfish farmers to HAB events: An optimal matching analysis of closure decrees

Guillotreau, Patrice; Bihan, Véronique Le; Morineau, Baptiste; Pardo, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101968

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For fish aquaculture, the economic loss is clear in extreme events causing fish mortality (Karlson et al, 2021) but the losses due to minor fish kills and sub-lethal events require careful evaluation of the mitigation strategies and a cost assessment would involve reviewing aquaculture business planning as well as sharing of monitoring and potentially sensitive commercial information between industry and scientists (Davidson et al, 2020). For shellfish aquaculture, economical evaluation of costs is more difficult since biogeography, seasonal variability, regularity of the bloom, type of shellfish and commercialisation issues can strongly modulate the cost of HAB (Rodriguez et al, 2011;Martino et al, 2020;Guillotreau et al, 2021;Karlson et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Methodologies for Providing In Situ Data to HAB Early Warning Systems in the European Atlantic Area: The PRIMROSE Experience

et al. 2022

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause harm to human health or hinder sustainable use of the marine environment in Blue Economy sectors. HABs are temporally and spatially variable and hence their mitigation is closely linked to effective early warning. The European Union (EU) Interreg Atlantic Area project “PRIMROSE”, Predicting Risk and Impact of Harmful Events on the Aquaculture Sector, was focused on the joint development of HAB early warning systems in different regions along the European Atlantic Area. Advancement of the existing HAB forecasting systems requires development of forecasting tools, improvements in data flow and processing, but also additional data inputs to assess the distribution of HAB species, especially in areas away from national monitoring stations, usually located near aquaculture sites. In this contribution, we review different novel technologies for acquiring HAB data and report on the experience gained in several novel local data collection exercises performed during the project. Demonstrations include the deployment of autonomous imaging flow cytometry (IFC) sensors near two aquaculture areas: a mooring in the Daoulas estuary in the Bay of Brest and pumping from a bay in the Shetland Islands to an inland IFC; and several drone deployments, both of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and of Autonomous Surface vehicles (ASVs). Additionally, we have reviewed sampling approaches potentially relevant for HAB early warning including protocols for opportunistic water sampling by coastguard agencies. Experiences in the determination of marine biotoxins in non-traditional vectors and how they could complement standard routine HAB monitoring are also considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Methodologies for Providing In Situ Data to HAB Early Warning Systems in the European Atlantic Area: The PRIMROSE Experience

et al. 2022

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“…The second action, based on monitoring data, consists of the implementation of a range of measures including fisheries and harvest bans in order to avoid the marketing of contaminated products to the end consumers. These bans may lead to economic impacts on activities depending on water quality and marine resources, such as fisheries and aquaculture [6][7][8][9]. The implementation of these measures is a complex process which is mainly based on monitoring, but also involves other factors in order to minimise the economic impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2016, the management authorities have digitalized some of the closure decrees, but the information is still scattered and uncompleted, and there are no available data on older periods. Guillotreau et al (2021) [9] have created a database of closures based on legal decrees regarding HAB-related closures, but this dataset concerns only shellfish farming activities and it is only related to the coastal area along the western French coasts (Finistère, Morbihan, Loire-Atlantique and Vendée). Data on administrative fishing restrictions are still very few and sparse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset for Estimated Closures of Scallop (Pecten maximus) Production Areas Due to Phycotoxin Contamination along the French Coasts of the Eastern English Channel

Chenouf

Merzereaud

Raux

et al. 2022

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Commercial bans due to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are natural events, question the sustainability of human activities in marine and coastal areas. A risk assessment of these bans is important to support decision-making to better manage and mitigate their impacts. However, data are sparse and difficult to collect. The dataset presented in this paper includes “estimated closures of scallop fishing areas” due to HAB toxicity along the French coasts of the English Channel. The closure data were simulated for each scallop (Pecten maximus) fishing area through an algorithm applied to the in situ dataset from the French monitoring network REPHYTOX. The methodology of the production of closure data consists of comparing phycotoxin concentration in scallop to regulatory thresholds of phycotoxins, and then, simulating the number and duration of closures based on the monitoring strategies and closure mechanisms as defined in the regulations. These data only cover closures related to regulatory threshold exceedances of phycotoxins in shellfish. Closures induced by the lack of sampling or other reasons (e.g., failures in toxin analysis) are not included in the dataset because of the lack of information. Data are produced during the scallop fishing season. Facing the non-existence of such a closure database due to the lack of centralized management of local closure decrees, this dataset can be used to analyse the management strategies to deal with HABs and to highlight the governance challenges related to these strategies. It is also useful to study the link between the ecological and the socioeconomic dimensions of HABs, and to describe how toxin concentrations in shellfish translate into socioeconomic impacts and management challenges. This methodology can be applied to other species, other areas and other economic activities.

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“…As a result, socio-economic risk analysis based on observed closures (e.g. [34]) may be less suitable for these specific contexts such as scallop fisheries. The use of theoretical closures, as proposed in this work, refers to the consideration of a notion of risk based on toxicity, which is a pertinent proxy to assess ecological risks and socio-economic impacts associated with HAB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

Agúndez

Chenouf

Raux

2022

JMSE

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Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are phenomena that result from alterations to ecosystems. Due to their potential toxicity, the level of danger depends on the species concerned, their frequency and intensity. They can cause impacts on biodiversity and on the anthropic activities that take place in maritime and coastal areas. Primary industries such as shellfish fisheries are mainly affected. To deal with this issue, the French administration has built a governance system based on two pillars. The first relies on a water quality monitoring system that assesses the risks of HAB contamination of coastal waters. The second is a regulatory system of production and commercial bans of seafood products from the impacted areas. This public action has two objectives. The first is human health-related and aims to protect consumers of seafood. The second is economic-based and aims to minimize the economic impacts associated with the commercial bans suffered by the businesses concerned. These two objectives may appear to be antagonistic. Using the case study of the French scallop fishery in the eastern Channel and based on an analysis of the commercial bans associated with HAB and associated potential economic impacts, this paper analyses the governance scheme dealing with HAB events in France. The authors highlight that this governance is not only a matter of applying administrative closures when toxicity thresholds are exceeded, but is a dynamic decision-making process involving experts and the Administration that attempts to balance acceptable health risks and economic impacts.

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The vulnerability of shellfish farmers to HAB events: An optimal matching analysis of closure decrees

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Novel Methodologies for Providing In Situ Data to HAB Early Warning Systems in the European Atlantic Area: The PRIMROSE Experience

Novel Methodologies for Providing In Situ Data to HAB Early Warning Systems in the European Atlantic Area: The PRIMROSE Experience

Dataset for Estimated Closures of Scallop (Pecten maximus) Production Areas Due to Phycotoxin Contamination along the French Coasts of the Eastern English Channel

Addressing the Governance of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts: A Case Study of the Scallop Fishery in the Eastern French Coasts of the English Channel

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