“…Local and state governments attempted to regulate what jobs the Chinese could perform, who they could marry, where they went to school, whether they could own property, and what civil rights they possessed. Historians have cataloged some of these policies in particular places and industries (see Courtney (1956) and Janisch (1971) on San Francisco; Chin and Ormonde (2018) on fishing; Chin and Chin (2022) on restaurants). However, archival challenges have made it difficult for scholars to develop a broad view of these laws and their implications.…”