The water intake of ewes

Forbes, J. M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19680006

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This confirms earlier findings by Cottee et al (2004) who reported that water intake increases (P , 0.01) during acidosis. A higher water consumption is likely to limit the decrease in ruminal pH by a dilution effect (Forbes, 1968). In our experiment, the increase in water consumption became more marked as acidosis challenges were repeated.…”

Section: Ruminal Phmentioning

confidence: 57%

Behavioural adaptations of sheep to repeated acidosis challenges and effect of yeast supplementation

Commun

Silberberg

Mialon

et al. 2012

Animal

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This study aims to determine whether sheep modify their feeding and general behaviour when they undergo acidosis challenge, whether these modifications are maintained when acidosis challenges are repeated and whether yeast supplementation affects these modifications. Twelve rumen-cannulated wethers fed concentrate (wheat) and forage (hay) were exposed to three 28-day periods consisting of a 23-day recovery phase (20% of wheat) followed by a 5-day acidosis challenge (60% of wheat). Both diets limited food intake to 90% ofad libitumintake. Six sheep received a daily supplementation of a live yeast product, six received a placebo. Ruminal pH was recorded continuously. Daily consumption of wheat, hay, water and weekly consumption of salt were monitored. Behavioural observations were performed twice in each period: once under the recovery phase and once under acidosis challenge. These observations included video recordings over 24 h (time budget), social tests (mixing with another sheep for 5 min) and nociception tests (CO2hot laser). As expected, sheep spent more time with a ruminal pH below 5.6 during challenges than during recovery phases (12.5v.4.7 h/day). Sheep drank more water (3.87v. 3.27 l/day) and ingested more salt (16v. 11 g/day) during challenges. They also spent more time standing than during recovery phases, adopting more frequent alarm postures and reacting more slowly to the hot stimulus. More severe behavioural modifications were observed during the first challenge than the two other challenges. Significant concentrate refusals were observed during challenge 1: from days 3 to 5 of this challenge, sheep ate only half of the distributed concentrate. Sheep were also more active and more aggressive towards each other in challenge 1. These behavioural modifications disappeared as the challenges were repeated: no behavioural modifications were observed between challenges and recovery phases during periods 2 and 3, and furthermore, sheep rapidly ate all the concentrate distributed during the third challenge. Focusing on the effects of yeast, the only differences registered between the two groups concerned ruminal pH, that is, mean ruminal pH values in the supplemented group were lower during the first challenge (5.11v. 5.60) but higher during the third challenge (5.84v. 5.28). In conclusion, our experiment suggests sheep can adapt to acidosis challenges, especially with yeast supplementation. Otherwise, ruminal pH values remained low during challenges, indicating that the modifications of general and feeding behaviour in subacute ruminal acidosis situations are not due exclusively to low ruminal pH values.

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Section: Ruminal Phmentioning

confidence: 57%

Behavioural adaptations of sheep to repeated acidosis challenges and effect of yeast supplementation

Commun

Silberberg

Mialon

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…The normal increase in the water requirements of the ewe as pregnancy progressed (Forbes, 1968) resulted in the same dehydration protocol providing a greater osmotic stimulus to the animals in group II. However, the number of experiments terminated on day 4 in the two groups was not significantly different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestation‐dependent Aspects of the Response of the Ovine Fetus to the Osmotic Stress Induced by Maternal Water Deprivation

Bell¹,

Congiu²,

Hardy³

et al. 1984

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYWater deprivation was produced in pregnant sheep by withholding water for 24 h and then giving them 500 ml/d for the subsequent 3 d. All ewes bore chronically cannulated fetuses. Eleven experiments were performed in group I animals (gestation periods of 107-119 d at maximal stress) and eight experiments in group II (126-144 d of gestation). Measurements were made of maternal and fetal plasma osmolalities, fetal urine flow rate and osmolality, amniotic fluid osmolality and fetal plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration. The experimental protocol produced a larger increment in maternal and fetal plasma osmolalities in group I than in group II (P < 0 025). For group I fetuses the relationship between plasma ADH concentration, [ADH] and plasma osmolality was log [ADH] = -4-50+0-0174 (osmol) which was significantly different from that for group II fetuses, log [ADHI = -1046+0-0373 (osmol) (P < 0-02). Thus plasma [ADH] was significantly greater, at a given plasma osmolality, in older (group II) than younger (group I) fetuses. For a given value of fetal plasma [ADH] there was a greater reduction in fetal urine free water clearance in older than younger fetuses. Water deprivation of the ewe did disturb the composition of amniotic fluid and the trend in amniotic fluid osmolality followed the trend in fetal urinary osmolality.

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“…Forbes, 1968;Little & Shaw, 1978) have shown that water intake is closely related to dry matter intake in ruminants, and also to milk production in lactating cows. However, individual variations in water intake and water turnover in ruminants are great (Benlamlih, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Balance During Food Deprivation and After Intraruminal Loads of Water or Isotonic Saline in Lactating and Anoestral Goats

Dahlborn

Karlberg

1986

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYA study was made of water and salt balance during a 28 h period of starvation in lactating and anoestral goats. Food deprivation caused diminished water intake in all but one animal, and the secretion of urine and milk gradually decreased. The plasma volume and the glomerular filtration rate were reduced, the plasma Na concentration lowered, and the plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration raised during starvation, After 28 h without food the goats were given a load of water or saline into the rumen. The fall in the plasma protein concentration that occurred indicates that the plasma volume increased in all animals within 4 h of receiving saline, but was unchanged after the water load. The plasma Na concentration decreased further after the water load, but increased in all animals after the saline load. The plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration remained elevated after the intraruminal water load, but fell towards basic values after the saline load. The renal Na excretion decreased during food deprivation, and showed no increase within 4 h of saline loading. It appears that only the load of saline restored the salt and water homoeostasis of the animal. Lactating and anoestral goats do not apparently differ in their response to starvation. The effects of starvation on fluid balance seem to become as severe in goats as in monogastric species despite food reservoirs in the reticulo-rumen and omasum at the onset of food deprivation.

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The water intake of ewes

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Behavioural adaptations of sheep to repeated acidosis challenges and effect of yeast supplementation

Behavioural adaptations of sheep to repeated acidosis challenges and effect of yeast supplementation

Gestation‐dependent Aspects of the Response of the Ovine Fetus to the Osmotic Stress Induced by Maternal Water Deprivation

Fluid Balance During Food Deprivation and After Intraruminal Loads of Water or Isotonic Saline in Lactating and Anoestral Goats

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