The Water Relations of Bracken: A Preliminary Study

Tinklin, R.; Bowling, D. J. F.

doi:10.2307/2258491

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hence there is variation from year to year and, in uneven terrain, from place to place. Also the duration of its photosynthetic activity may be shortened by the incidence of frost and drought in spring and early summer and again in late summer and autumn, and at all times by high evaporation rates due to intense sunlight and/or exposure to wind (Bright, 1928;Tinklin & Bowling, 1969).…”

Section: Morphology and Major Elements In The Frondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological status of bracken

Watt

1976

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Information about the morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. aquilinum) and the chief nutrients in the frond at different times of the year introduce an account of litter production and its accumulation in relation to the behaviour of frond, root and rhizome systems. Where litter gain exceeds loss there is a correlation between the thickness and/or kind of litter and the level of the root and rhizome systems in relation to the mineral soil surface: with increase of litter the bracken becomes progressively more dependent for its physical and chemical soil environment on its own débris and less on the underlying mineral soil. An example of the limit of complete dependence has not been examined, but degeneration of the community can take place before that stage is reached. From a review of the chief factors affecting bracken the conclusion is reached that the woodland habitat is both favourable and restrictive: in it bracken is in equilibrium with its environment, at a high social status. The relationship with other plant communities depends largely on the degree of human interference to which each is subject. Dominant bracken when left alone, and where gain of litter exceeds loss, becomes the victim of its own success; local degeneration opens the way for entry by other species.

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Section: Morphology and Major Elements In The Frondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological status of bracken

Watt

1976

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The relationships between the water potential of ferns and factors such as soil water status, stomatal conductance (Nobel 1978; Hollinger 1987), relative water content (RWC) of the foliage and VPD (Tinklin & Bowling 1969; Roberts et al . 1984) are highly variable among species (Roberts et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiology of the Soft Tree Fern, Dicksonia antarctica Labill

et al. 2002

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Environmental constraints on gas exchange, stomatal conductance and water relations were investigated in the Soft Tree Fern, Dicksonia antarctica , at sites across its natural distribution and in the glasshouse. Dicksonia antarctica exhibited strong stomatal response down to a vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.25 kPa, an unusual characteristic when compared with other ground fern species. Net photosynthetic rate may be a response of the microenvironment prevalent during frond development, reflecting acclimatory capacity. Both these ecophysiological characteristics are consistent with the ecological niche of D. antarctica , a long-lived, fire-resistant species that, during its lifetime, may be exposed to: (i) a humid environment beneath a rainforest canopy; and (ii) an exposed environment following wildfire. Maximum net photosynthesis and quantum yield of photosynthesis correlated strongly with VPD and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of 10.8 mol m -2 s -1 was the highest yet recorded for a fern. These observations are consistent with the relatively low growth typically observed in D. antarctica on sunny, exposed sites and vice versa on cool, humid sites exposed to sunflecks. Favourable water relations maintained under conditions of moderate VPD (2.03 kPa) were probably due to stomatal control. However, inadequate rainfall or high VPD (4.98 kPa) caused water stress, recovery of which was limited by slow water transport through fronds. These observations are consistent with the limitation of D. antarctica distribution to sites sheltered from hot winds and with reliable water supply. The funnel-shaped rosette of fronds of D. antarctica may harvest rainfall and make it accessible to aerial roots situated at the base of fronds. This process may maintain favourable water relations independently of a subterranean root system. This proposed strategy of water acquisition is unique for a fern species and may eliminate a need for soil moisture competition with surrounding plant species. It is suggested that the ecophysiological characteristics observed in D. antarctica in this study may contribute to the ecological niche it occupies, which is characterized by a variable environment.

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“…propagación subterránea, gran producción de esporas, alta resistencia al fuego y a la sequía, características que le permiten colonizar lugares inhóspitos, áreas perturbadas y actuar como planta pionera e invasora (Tinklin & Bowling, 1969;Gliessman, 1978;Navar, Fernández, & Del Amor, 1987;Moran, 1993;Dolling, 1999;Watrud et al, 2003;Riege & Del Moral, 2004;Rámirez, Pérez, & Orozco, 2007;Ramirez-Trejo, Pérez-García, Pérez-Salicrup, & Orozco-Segovia, 2010). Esta planta produce metabolitos secundarios con una amplia acción biológica que le confieren propiedades alelopáticas, de defensa contra la herbívoria y antimicrobianas (Gliessman & Muller, 1972, 1977Gliessman, 1976;Schereiner, 1981;San Francisco & Cooper-Driver, 1984;Navar et al, 1987;Dawra, Kurade, & Sharma, 2002;Rasmussen, Kroghsbo, Frisvad, & Hansen, 2003;Beniston & Campo, 2005;Selvaraj, De Brito, & Sahayaraj, 2005).…”

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Morfo-anatomía del ciclo de vida del helecho Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) en cultivo in vitro

Eslava-Silva

Durán

Jiménez-Estrada

et al. 2019

RBT

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Introducción: Pteridium aquilinum es un helecho heliófilo ampliamente distribuido en México. Es una especie pionera que usualmente se encuentra en hábitats alterados y tiene gran relevancia ecológica por sus propiedades alelopáticas, su resistencia al fuego y a condiciones de sequía. Objetivo: realizar una descripción integral de la forma y ornamentación de las esporas de P. aquilinum, así como de la morfogénesis del gametofito, incluyendo el tipo de germinación y el desarrollo protálico (resaltando su morfología). Además, describir la anatomía del esporofito joven desarrollado en condiciones in vitro. Metodología: se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido y técnica histológica de parafina para la descripción de las fases del gametofito y esporofito. Resultados: Las esporas son globulares y el trilete tiene ornamentación granulada, mientras que su germinación fue de tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico correspondió al tipo Adiantum. Los anteridios se observaron 13 días después de la siembra, mientras que los arquegonios surgieron al día 17. La primera hoja del esporofito apareció entre los días 60 y 70. Al cuarto mes, la fase esporofítica desarrollada in vitro mostró la anatomía típica de la especie a esta edad, dado que no presentó vitrificación. El análisis histológico del rizoma, la base del peciolo, el raquis de primer orden y la lámina mostraron los sistemas de tres tejidos bien diferenciados. Las modificaciones anatómicas observadas in vitro, como una dictiostela monocíclica y sólo una banda de esclerénquima en el rizoma, podrían atribuirse a la edad de los individuos. Por otra parte, los estomas están presentes en la superficie adaxial de la lámina, que corresponde al tipo anomocítico. Aunque estos estomas se formaron en condiciones in vitro, es importante resaltar que son completamente funcionales. Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo describe por primera vez la morfo-anatomía de las fases gametofítica y esporofítica del ciclo de vida de P. aquilinum en condiciones in vitro. Nuestros resultados posiblemente permitan la exploración con mayor profundidad de las propiedades biológicas, fisiológicas y ecológicas de la especie.

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The Water Relations of Bracken: A Preliminary Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

The ecological status of bracken

The ecological status of bracken

Ecophysiology of the Soft Tree Fern, Dicksonia antarctica Labill

Morfo-anatomía del ciclo de vida del helecho Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) en cultivo in vitro

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