The way of microplastic through the environment – Application of the source-pathway-receptor model (review)

Waldschläger, Kryss; Lechthaler, Simone; Stauch, Georg; Schüttrumpf, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136584

Cited by 223 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…Furthermore, soils and especially agricultural soils [67] act as a temporary sink. These temporary sinks are already indicated in the described concentrations of MaP mentioned before and are similar to sinks of microplastic [16].…”

Section: Sinks Of Macroplasticsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Within the SPR model, the analysis of sources, pathways, and receptors is essential to build up a quantitative model [17]. Regarding plastic in the environment, sources of microplastic were already defined as the place, product, or action that generates it [16]. Transferred to MaP, this covers the entire plastics production as well as the percentage of waste generation of the individual sectors of use.…”

Section: Sources Of Macroplasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Illegal waste disposal on the open sea Industry Industry Figure 3. Sources and transport paths of macroplastic with approximate accounting of mass budget if data are available, * data from 2015 (based on [16], data and calculations from [4,42,44,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57]).…”

Section: Littering Littering Littering In General Littering By Tourismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the Source-Pathway-Receptor (SPR) model is used to summarise the current state of knowledge and to reveal further research areas. The model was already applied to microplastics [16]. So this paper is a further step towards a comprehensive consideration of plastics in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initially unidirectional model can be extended over time to a multidirectional model by adding model by adding new insights on sources, transport routes, and receptors as well as interdependencies between the different components. The SPR model is built up on the basis of sources, pathways and receptors and can thus be used to assess any environmental pollution [16,17]. The methodical classification of these sections allows a better structuring of the processes and a stepwise extension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Way of Macroplastic through the Environment

et al. 2020

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With the focus on microplastic in current research, macroplastic is often not further considered. Thus, this review paper is the first to analyse the entry paths, accumulation zones, and sinks of macroplastic in the aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environment by presenting transport paths and concentrations in the environment as well as related risks. This is done by applying the Source–Pathway–Receptor model on macroplastic in the environment. Based on this model, the life cycle of macroplastic is structurally described, and knowledge gaps are identified. Hence, current research aspects on macroplastic as well as a sound delimitation between macro- and microplastic that can be applied to future research are indicated. The results can be used as basic information for further research and show a qualitative assessment of the impact of macroplastic that ends up in the environment and accumulates there. Furthermore, the applied model allows for the first time a quantitative and structured approach to macroplastic in the environment.

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Section: Sinks Of Macroplasticsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Sources Of Macroplasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Littering Littering Littering In General Littering By Tourismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Way of Macroplastic through the Environment

et al. 2020

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Evaluation of flux and fate of plastic in terrestrial–aquatic–estuarine continuum by using an advanced process‐based model

Nakayama

2024

Ecohydrology

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Environmental contamination by plastics has been receiving considerable attention from scientists, policy makers and the public during the last few decades. Though some of the models have succeeded in simulating the transport and fate of plastic debris in freshwater systems, a complete model is now being developed to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the plastic budget on a continental scale. Recently, the author linked two process‐based eco‐hydrology models, NICE (National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology) and NICE‐BGC (BioGeochemical Cycle), to a plastic debris model that accounts for both the transport and fate of plastic debris (advection, dispersion, diffusion, settling, dissolution and biochemical degradation by light and temperature) and applied these models on a regional scale and also for global major rivers. The present study was newly modified to incorporate the plastic dynamics in estuaries by extending the previous studies. The model was employed to conduct a 2‐year global simulation aimed at evaluating changes in plastic dynamics in major rivers including 130 tidal estuaries. The model simulated the impact of estuaries on plastic budget and its seasonal variability caused by settling, resuspension and bedload transport during 2014–2015. The model showed that plastics with smaller particle sizes account for more in the water of estuaries than that of rivers, and plastics with larger particle sizes accumulate more on the riverbed. The simulated result also showed that estuaries trap more plastic than lakes and riverbeds (0.218 ± 0.053 Tg/year) although not as much as reservoirs (0.386 ± 0.103 Tg/year). More than 40% of plastics were retained by lakes, reservoirs, riverbeds and estuaries and the riverine plastic transport to the ocean was revised from 1.749 ± 0.371 Tg/year in the author's previous study to 1.000 ± 0.397 Tg/year in the present study. These results aid the development of solutions and measures for the reduction of plastic input to the ocean and help quantify the magnitude of plastic transport under climate change.

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115 years of sediment deposition in a reservoir in Central Europe: Effects of the industrial history and environmental protection on heavy metals and microplastic

Stauch,

Schulte,

Schwanen

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Humans have considerably influenced accumulation rates and sediment composition in lake deposits. Due to near‐continuous accumulation, lakes and reservoirs are an excellent archive of these anthropogenic influences. The Urft Reservoir in the Eifel Mountains, western Germany, provides a unique record of the human influence on the landscape for the past 115 years. In 2020 and 2021, 24 cores and 23 surface samples were obtained from the bottom of the, by that time drained, reservoir. Grain size, heavy metals, weathering signatures and microplastic were analysed. For the chronology, caesium‐137 and microplastic were used. Using the first occurrence of microplastic as well as different plastic types for dating was not successful. However, a distinct layer with a high number of microplastic particles could be traced back to a fire in 1991 and was used as an additional stratigraphic marker in the age‐depth model. A period of relatively high accumulation rates in the reservoir occurred in the mid‐1950s and was related to enhanced construction works in the local valleys. Analysis of heavy metal content in the reservoir sediments shows a strong connection to historical changes in ore industry in the valley of the Urft. Stricter environmental protection laws and the decline of the metal processing industry resulted in a reduced input of lead, copper and zinc in the reservoir until the mid‐1980s. Since then, heavy metal content has remained relatively constant. A major flooding event in July 2021 did not lead to the remobilisation of older contaminated deposits as indicated by low heavy metal content in flood deposits. Accordingly, also the microplastic content is not increasing following the extreme event. Due to the degree of weathering of the flood deposits, it is argued that mainly hillslope material was transported into the Urft and subsequently into the Urft Reservoir during this event.

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The way of microplastic through the environment – Application of the source-pathway-receptor model (review)

Cited by 223 publications

References 202 publications

The Way of Macroplastic through the Environment

The Way of Macroplastic through the Environment

Evaluation of flux and fate of plastic in terrestrial–aquatic–estuarine continuum by using an advanced process‐based model

115 years of sediment deposition in a reservoir in Central Europe: Effects of the industrial history and environmental protection on heavy metals and microplastic

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