“…Generally, two different strategies are adopted to tackle such shortcoming. The first approach is the coupling between the particle method, which is used to simulate only the concerning region (near field), and other less computer-intensive method, which is adopted to model the remaining of the domain (far field), e.g., particle methods coupled to boundary element method (BEM) (Sun, et al, 2017), non-hydrostatic wave-flow model (Altomare, et al, 2018), finite volume method (FVM) Di Mascio, et al, 2021), and non-linear potential flow (Verbrugghe, et al, 2018). The main challenge of such approach is to guarantee consistent coupling between the domains modeled by different methods when applied to violent freesurface motion.…”