The weather and climate of the tropics Part 4 –Forecasting significant cloud and associated weather

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 7 – Tropical revolving storms

“…Winds that cross the equator may assist in the generation of tropical storms, in particular in the north-west Pacific (Verbickas, 1998), since the convergence is from directly opposing directions. Layer clouds usually extend to great depth in these cloud masses and certainly several thousand metres more than is generally the case in the inter-tropical convergence zone (Galvin, 2008b).…”

The weather and climate of the tropics: Part 10 – Tropical agriculture

“…Relatively large populations live in these countries of dry climate, where hardy crops are grown by irrigation from great rivers such as the Helmand, Indus, Chenab and Sutlej. Rain and snow fall on the Reshte-ye AlborzParopamisus-Kuh-e Bābā-Hindu KushKarakoram, Brahui and Sulaiman ranges to feed these areas (Galvin, 2008b).…”

“…Vigorous convective currents and clear-air turbulence along the subtropical jet streams or over high tropical mountains can make flight uncomfortable, occasionally dangerous (Galvin, 2007(Galvin, , 2008a(Galvin, , 2008b. Lightning and hail can cause serious damage to airframes and the large temperature variations of tropical deserts can cause dangerous wind shear (Galvin and Membery, 2008;Galvin, 2009a).…”

The weather and climate of the tropics, Part 9 – Climate, flora and fauna

“…Although much of the zone is a plain, its altitude brings it into the realm but many dry or seasonal areas of the tropics between these heights have a significantly increased rainfall. Many of these areas of high ground were listed in Part 4 (Galvin, 2008b). Mexico City -one of the world's largest cities -at an altitude of about 2300m, is founded on the relatively equable climate of the Mexican Highlands.…”